Hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in part of Ganga-kali sub-basin, Western Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

Water quality of groundwater plays an important role in domestic, agriculture and industrial purposes in India but it is affected continuously due to rapid urbanisation or unplanned urban development, industrialization, as well as agricultural activities. To classify water quality for domestic and agriculture purposes, the present study was done to assess the hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwater in a part of Ganga-Kali sub-basin, Western Uttar Pradesh. Sixteen representative samples from shallow and deep aquifer and three surface water samples were collected from the study area. Physico-chemical parameters such as Total Hardness (TH), pH, Total dissolve solids (TDS), Bicarbonate alkalinity (HCO3 ), Sulphate (SO4), Chloride (CI), Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Nitrate (NO3) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) were determined. The physico-chemical characteristics of water samples were determined according to the standard method of Indian water standard published by APHA, 1992 and all results were compared with standard limit recommended by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS, 1991), and World Health Organization (WHO, 1993). Piper Trilinear diagram L-L diagrams were used to classify groundwater samples. Except for a few samples, all others showed that the study area was suitable for drinking purpose and also for irrigation purpose.