Modernization and racial integration in Kelantan

Abstract

Kelantan is one of the most homogeneous states in Malaysia whereby 94 percent of its 1.4 million people are Malay Muslims. The remaining 6 percent comprises the Chinese, Indians and people of Siamese descent. Unlike most other states in Malaysia, the high level of outward racial integration in terms of the acceptance of the norms, values, language and behavioural traits of the dominant group by the minority groups is something unique to Kelantan. This article examines the impact of modernization on the evolution of the state of racial integration there. It is argued that modernization has both positive and negative effects on racial integration. However a balanced analysis of both trends reveals that the conscious efforts that have, and are currently being undertaken by the PAS Government, are likely to maintain or even enhance the level of racial integration in that state. It is concluded that the lessons learnt at managing racial integration in Kelantan are quite illuminating, but can only be implemented in other states with varying degrees of success because of contextual differences.