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Title:	The impact of dam development to water quality and ichthyofauna in Tembat River, Hulu Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors:	Shazana Sharir (P88734)
Supervisor:	Shukor Md Nor, Prof.
Keywords:	Water quality -- Malaysia Rivers -- Malaysia Ecosystem management Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia -- Dissertations Dissertations, Academic -- Malaysia
Issue Date:	12-Oct-2021
Description:	The development of hydroelectric dam poses detrimental impact to the aquatic ecosystem. This thesis studies the effect of Tembat Dam development on the water quality and ichthyofauna community during different phases of development; predevelopment phase, construction phase, impoundment phase and operation phase. Four main objectives were established in this study; (i) To evaluate the water quality of Tembat River during different phases of Dam development across the aquatic zonation, (ii) To determine the composition, species richness, and distribution of ichthyofauna in Tembat River during different phases of development, (iii) To determine the movement and habitat utilisation of two native species; Neolissochilus soroides and Channa lucius during operation phase, and (iv) To evaluate the habitat available in Tembat River post-development. Satellite images were used to compare the changes in land use between phases. An assessment of water quality and fish diversity in the Tembat River was conducted systematically at four locations; riverine zone (ST1), transition zone (ST2), lacustrine zone (ST3), and downstream zone (ST4). Five individuals of N. soroides (n=5) and C. lucius (n=5) were surgically inserted with an acoustic transmitter to enable tracking in the river. One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in the water quality parameter namely DO, temperature, pH, TSS, AN, BOD, and COD between the different phases of development. Only temperature F(3, 60) = 15.999, p <0.001), pH (F(3, 60) = 5.701, p = 0.002) and DO (F(3, 60) = 10.554, p <0.001) were significantly different between the zones during the impoundment phase. Ichthyofauna survey during the construction and impoundment phase found seven and eleven species, respectively. One-way ANOVA showed that size of core area and home range were not significantly different between N. soroides and C. lucius. However, N. soroides were found to significantly spend more time in the transition zone (mean =1.99 hours, SE = 0.26), and C. lucius in the riverine zone (mean = 5.02 hours, SE = 0.66 ) compared to other zones. A 24-hour movement frequency analysis for both species revealed two active hours of movement displayed at dusk and dawn. Through PCA, important habitat parameter associated with N. soroides detection were determined; (i) the size of the river (r = 0.97), (ii) canopy cover (r = 0.77), and (iii) type of river substrate (r = 0.79). Meanwhile, for C. lucius; (i) mesohabitat type (r = 0.79), (ii) distance to riffle (r = 0.97), (iii) canopy cover (r = 0.82) and (iv) elevation (r = 0.90). The findings suggest that dam development impacted the aquatic ecosystem differently during every phase of development surveyed. Fish assemblage responded to the impact by averting from the development area and opportunistically utilize the upsurge of food source in lacustrine and transition zone during impoundment. C. lucius spent more time at riverine zone and N. soroides at lacustrine zone in which time spent are motivated by diet preference. Fish community utilizes the newly inundated reservoir, but ongoing monitoring are needed as the reservoir aged. The findings in this study can be implemented for effective aquatic management and conservation plan to ensure sustainable dam development.,Ph.D
Pages:	311
Call Number:	TC409.S533 2021 tesis
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

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