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Title:	Consolidated index model for conservation effectiveness evaluation on protected areas of Sungai Dusun, Bukit Kutu, and Klang Gate
Authors:	Lee Woon Hang (P72323)
Supervisor:	Saiful Arif Abdullah, Assoc. Prof. Dr.
Keywords:	Pemuliharaan Penilaian pemuliharaan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia -- Dissertations Dissertations, Academic -- Malaysia
Issue Date:	17-May-2022
Description:	The expansion of human populations into pristine environments has increasingly degraded protected areas, particularly in tropical regions. In this case, protected areas should be regularly monitored and assessed to maintain long term sustainability. Current conservation effectiveness evaluations still inadequately incorporate essential criteria to make the evaluation more comprehensive. Thus, the main objective of this study is to develop a consolidated index model to assess the conservation effectiveness of protected areas. The identified components in this model consisted of design, ecological integrity, and management. This work used Klang Gate, Bukit Kutu and Sungai Dusun Wildlife Reserve in Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia, as case studies to apply the proposed model. SPOT 5 (10-m resolution) satellite image of the year 2012 of Selangor was used to develop a land use/land cover map for the selected protected areas using remote sensing and GIS technologies. Then, these developed land use/land cover maps were used in various analyses on design and ecological integrity. Questionnaires were used to elicit opinions from experts, management staff, and local communities to evaluate management effectiveness. Design effectiveness index that consisted of evaluation on size and elevational representativeness revealed an underrepresentation of size and elevation classes in Klang Gate. Bukit Kutu has inadequate size representation, but Sungai Dusun has good size and elevation representations. Ecological integrity effectiveness evaluated on fragmentation, hemeroby, connectedness, and habitat suitability of three large mammals in the protected areas. The findings of this index demonstrated that Klang Gate is generally fragmented, weak in connectedness with forested areas, and less suitable for large mammals. However, Sungai Dusun has good integrity, and Bukit Kutu has excellent integrity. For the survey on management effectiveness, environmental, socioeconomic and governance were evaluated, and the results showed that the studied protected areas were categorized as moderately satisfactory in management effectiveness. Finally, the consolidated effectiveness index was calculated, and Klang Gate appeared to be poor in conservation effectiveness, whereas Sungai Dusun and Bukit Kutu have good effectiveness. This model has proposed a relatively adaptable and straightforward way to estimate conservation effectiveness. It is primarily useful for the park managers, and the findings are helpful for the policymakers in planning and strategizing the local and regional conservation policies. Nevertheless, more testing and further studies are needed to enhance this index model.,Ph.D
Pages:	327
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Institute for Environment and Development / Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI)

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