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Title:	Effects of salinity and diet on the growth and physiology of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × E. lanceolatus) juveniles
Authors:	Noorashikin Md. Noor (P83752)
Supervisor:	Simon Kumar Das, Dr.
Keywords:	Aquaculture Integrated agricultural systems Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia -- Dissertations Dissertations, Academic -- Malaysia
Issue Date:	8-Jun-2018
Description:	The newly developed hybrid grouper, tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) × giant grouper (E. lanceolatus) (TG×GG), has a high resistance towards different environmental condition due to its genetic improvement. This study aims to investigate the effects of different salinities and diets on the growth, gastric emptying time (GET), muscle composition, pepsin enzyme activity, oxygen consumption, and haematology and biochemical indices of the TG × GG hybrid juveniles. TG×GG hybrid juveniles (10.0±0.5 cm length and 50.5±2.0 g weight) were subjected to different salinities (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ppt) and diets, commercial pellet (42% protein, 9% ash, 11% lipid, 9% moisture) and trash fish, Sardinella fimbriata (70% protein, 15% ash, 4% lipid, 76% moisture) in triplicates with 15 fish per replication. At the end of the experiment (60 days), the final length, weight, feed consumption (FC), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR) were calculated. The significantly (P<0.05) highest mean SGR (1.05±0.02% BM day-1), was observed in the 15 ppt + pellet group, while the significantly (P<0.05) lowest SGR was observed in the 30 ppt + trash fish group (0.40±0.05% BM day-1). The significantly (P<0.05) highest FC was observed at 15 ppt on both diets. However, the significantly (P<0.05) lowest FCR (1.21±0.15) was observed in the 15 ppt on pellet diet. The GET was determined X-radiographically using barium sulfate (BaSO4) as an inert food marker. The X- radiography images showed that the shortest GET (12 h) was observed in the 15 ppt + pellet group, whereas the longest GET (18 h) in 30 ppt + trash fish group. In muscle composition, protein content was significantly higher (P<0.05) as the salinity decreased from 30 to 25 to 10 ppt and from 20 to 15 ppt in both diets. Similarly, the lipid content was significantly highest in 15 ppt + pellet (6.9±0.02%), and lowest in 30 ppt + trash fish group (2.5±0.2%). The opposite trend was observed for ash and moisture content; highest in 30 ppt and lowest in 15 ppt. However, it was observed that carbohydrate level was significantly higher (0.6±0.05%) in lower salinity (15 ppt + pellet group). Likewise the energy value was significantly higher in the 15 ppt + pellet group (410.3±3.5 KJ/g) while the lowest was found in the 30 ppt fed with trash fish (343.2±2.9 KJ/g). The highest pepsin enzyme activity was observed in 15 ppt + pellet group (5.19±0.29 U mg protein-1) and the lowest was at 30 ppt + trash fish group (2.96±0.20 U mg protein-1). Oxygen consumption rate was significantly lower at salinities 10 to 20 ppt while the value was significantly higher in 25 and 30 ppt indicating that the metabolic rate in TG×GG hybrid juveniles were high in high salinities. Haematologic [red blood cell (RBC), total white blood cell (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MC) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC)] and biochemical parameters [total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLO), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)] were found to be in normal range but changing salinity and diets led to a significant changes in the parameters. The results of this study suggested to culture the TG×GG hybrid in salinities of 15 ppt with commercial pellet diet as this will optimize the growth and physiology of TG×GG hybrid juveniles. Overall, these findings would be useful for the advancement of TG×GG hybrid aquaculture which will eventually boost up the production of this newly developed grouper species.,'Certification of Master's/Doctoral Thesis' is not available,Ph.D.
Pages:	178
Call Number:	SH135.N637 2018 tesis
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

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