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Title:	Heavy metal concentrations in four recreational fresh water lakes in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Authors:	Khaled Sabr A. Said (P48258)
Supervisor:	Ahmad Abas Kutty, Assoc. Prof. Dr.
Keywords:	Heavy metal concentrations Fresh water lakes Detection Dissertations, Academic -- Malaysia
Issue Date:	25-Feb-2016
Description:	Owing heavy metals toxicity, bioaccumulations, poor bio-degradability as well as they are biomagnified in the food chain, the detection of the presence of metals in the environment especially water bodies has gained significant research attention. In this study, selected metal concentrations were investigated in four recreational lakes in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, namely Ampang Hilir, Titiwangsa, Cempaka and Idaman lakes. Survey and sampling were conducted from January 2010 to December 2010. For each of the aforementioned lakes, metals namely cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, calcium, magnesium, manganese, vanadium, iron and arsenic in lake water, total suspended solids (TSS), planktons, sediments and fish were measured. The physico-chemical characteristics of the surface water lakes such as water temperature, conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and chlorophyll-a were also measured. Lake sediment characteristics such as particle size, pH and organic matter were also determined in the laboratory. As regards to Malaysian national water quality standard (NWQS), all lakes i.e.; Ampang Hilir Lake, Titiwangsa Lake, Cempaka Lake and Idaman Lake were classified into class II. Idaman Lake has the lowest values for EC, TDS, DO, pH and chlorophyll-a (691.2 µS/cm, 540 mg/L, 4.60 mg/L, 6.97 and 2.71 µg/L, respectively) where as Ampang Hilir Lake has the highest values for temperature, EC, TDS, DO, pH and chlorophyll-a (28.84 C°, 1525.1 µS/cm, 900 mg/L, 7.59 mg/L, 8.79 and 4.57 µg/L, respectively). Sediment from four lakes has a broader range of values for pH, organic matter contents and particle size. The pH was ranged from 6.30±0.18 to 7.99±0.04, whereas organic matter was from 1.82% to 2.88%. Heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn and As) in different components were found in descending order of sediments> fish gills> fish liver > fish muscles > planktons> TSS > water, whereas (Pb, Ni, Fe, V and Zn) were found in descending order of sediments> planktons> fish gills>fish liver>fish muscles>TSS>water. The variations in heavy metal concentrations in all components were observed. This could be explained by changes in the salinity, water hardness, temperature, pH of the medium and the presence of other metals that may affect the bioavailability of the studied metals. The concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mn, Fe, V and As) were within the acceptable levels proposed by the Malaysian and other international standards. All metal concentrations in the water body were below the criteria maximum concentration (CMC), thus, the toxic effects of these metals would be rarely observed, and the adverse effects to the aquatic organisms would not occur. The concentrations of heavy metal in sediment still fall below the set population benchmark published by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as well as the Canadian Environmental Quality Guideline (CCME 1999). Furthermore, the level of heavy metals recorded in water in this study were generally low compared to the limit of chronic reference values suggested by the WHO (1985) and USEPA (1986). Heavy metal concentrations in biological components (plankton and fish) were also found low and not exceeded Malaysian food act (1983). One-way ANOVA test shows that the concentrations of metal in water, planktons, TSS, sediments and fish samples are not significantly differ (p>0.05, α=0.05) between lakes except for Zn, V and As. The non-carcinogenic effects assessment using target hazard quotient (THQ) indicates no potential risk of taking fish from these lakes (THQ <1).,Certification of Master's/Doctoral Thesis" is not available
Pages:	307
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

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