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Title:	Makroinvertebrat bentik sebagai penunjuk biologi kualiti air di Sungai Langat, Selangor Darul Ehsan
Authors:	Salleh Ahmad (P42578)
Supervisor:	Mohammad Shuhaimi bin Othman, Prof. Madya Dr.
Keywords:	Kualiti air-Selangor Sungai Langat Marine invertebrates
Issue Date:	28-Jan-2015
Description:	Invertebrata merupakan serangga akuatik yang mempunyai sebaran dan kelimpahan yang paling tinggi di dalam ekosistem akuatik. Walaubagaimanapun, nilai taksonomi dan sebaran di kawasan asia tenggara sangat kurang dilaporkan. Kepelbagaian makroinvertebrata dalam ekosistem sungai terutamanya di Malaysia tidak dilaporkan secara menyeluruh. Satu kajian kepelbagaian dan sebaran makroinvertebrata bentik di sebahagian Sungai Langat telah dijalankan untuk tempoh satu tahun. Persampelan telah dilakukan merangkumi kira- kira 20 kilometer daripada hulu Sungai Langat yang diwakili oleh 10 stesen persampelan. Analisis kualiti air dan penilaian habitat juga dilakukan bersama persampelan makroinvertebrata. Semua proses persampelan dan analisis dilakukan mengikut protokol kaedah piawai APHA. Persampelan kualiti air telah dilakukan pada setiap bulan manakala persampelan makroinvertebrata telah dilakukan pada setiap dua bulan. Hasil analisis kualiti air menunjukkan 3 stesen pertama di bahagian hulu mempunyai kualiti air yang baik (WQI kelas I dan II), manakala stesen-stesen berikutnya di sebelah hilir didapati lebih rendah kualiti air berasaskan WQI. Penurunan kualiti WQI kebanyakkannnya akibat daripada peningkatan TSS dan COD yang berpunca daripada aktiviti pembangunan dan industri. Ujian ANOVA satu hala (ujian tukey) memperlihatkan perbezaan kualiti air yang jelas di antara stesen-stesen bahagian hulu berbanding stesen-stesen di bahagian hilir kawasan persampelan. Sejumlah 7227 individu makroinvertebrata bentik telah dikenalpasti sepanjang tempoh kajian yang terdiri daraipada 2 filum, 5 order, 14 kelas dan 27 famili. Famili yang dominan adalah terdiri daripada chironomidae dan hydropsychidae yang menyumbang sebanyak 25 dan 15 peratus daripada keseluruhan sampel. Hanya famili hydroptilidae yang boleh dikategorikan sebagai famili "rare" dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak tujuh individu sahaja. Data kelimpahan memperlihatkan kawasan kajian dicirikan oleh habitat seragam yang dapat menampung keseragaman spesis yang tinggi. Berdasarkan kepada ujian jarak uclidean, data kualiti air dan makroinvertebrata bentik membahagikan secara umumnya kawasan persampelan kepada 2 atau 3 zon yang khusus. Ujian kluster menunjukkan tiada faktor yang jelas di antara ciri habitat dan kualiti air yang mempengaruhi makroinvertebrata bentik, walaubagaimanapun sebahagian besar makroinvertebrata bentik menunjukkan hubungan yang jelas dengan batuan besar dan debris. Hasil ujian kolerasi menunjukkan terdapat beberapa famili yang menunjukkan hubungan yang jelas dengan WQI. Makroinverterbrata bentik daripada famili Caenidae, Perlidae, Heptaginidae, Gomphidae dan Apheloceridae adalah antara penunjuk biologi yang perlu diambil kira dalam kajian penentuan kualiti air yang baik. Manakala makroinvertebrata bentik daripada famili Chironomidae dan Baetidae pula adalah antara penunjuk biologi yang perlu diambil kira dalam penentuan kualiti air yang kurang baik.,Ph.D,Invertebrates is an aquatic insect that inhabit aquatic ecosystem in a large dispersion and composition. However, the taxonomial value and its dispersion is rarely reported in the asian region. The diversity of macroinvertebrates within the river ecosystem in Malaysia was not reported accordingly. A study of diversity and dispersion of benthic macroinvertebrates was conducted within a part of Sungai Langat in a period of one year. Ten stations were selected within 20 kilometres at the upper stream of Sungai Langat. Habitat assesment and water quality analysis was conducted concomitan with the macroinvertbrates sampling. Sampling methods and analysis were conducted according to the APHA standards. Water quality samples were collected at monthly basis and macroinvertebrate samples were collected at teo month basis. Based on WQI, the first three stations at the upper region shows a good water quality level (class I and II) and decreases along the lower region. The depreciation on WQI is mostly affected by the high value of TSS and COD attributable from industrial and development activity at the surrounding areas. One way ANOVA (Tukey test) shows a significant differences between stations located at the upper region and lower region. A total of 7227 macroinvertebrates were identified which consist of 2 phylum, 5 order, 14 class and 27 family. Chironomidae and Hydropsychidae family contribute 25 percent and 15 percent of a total samples collected and considered as a dominant family. Thus, Hydroptilidae are considered as a rare family with only seven individual samples. Abundance data shows that the study area is characterized by a uniform habitat that can accommodate high uniformity of species. The uclidean test on water quality data and macroinvertebrates data generally separate the sampling area into two or three particular zone. Cluster analysis later shows no clear factor that the habitat characteristic and water quality influence the existance of benthic macroinvertebrates, however, a variety of benthic macroinvertebrates highly corelate with habitat consist of large rock fragments and debris. Corelation test reveil few familes of benthic macroinvertebrates that associate well with WQI. Macroinvertebrates from Caenidae, Perlidae, Heptaginidae, Gomphidae and Apheloceridae family are recommended to be considered as bio-indicator for a pristine water quality studies. Thus, macroinvertebrates from Chironomidae and Baetidae are recomended to be considered as a bio-indicator for a less pristine water quality studies
Pages:	181
Call Number:	QL365.363.S235 2015
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

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