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Title:	Optimization of monosaccharides, oligo-saccharides and mannose from deproteinated palm kernel cake via hydrolysis using organic acid catalysts
Authors:	Fan Suet Pin (P63241)
Supervisor:	Chia Chin Hua, Professor Dr.
Keywords:	Biomass conversion Biomass conversion-Testing Lignocellulose-Biotechnology Enzymatic analysis
Issue Date:	8-Dec-2015
Description:	Lack of efficacious and cost-effective catalytic platform to convert the lignocellulosic into fermentable sugars and oligomers restrain the biomass valorization into value-added products. It has been suggested that dicarboxylic acids hold a promising prospect in depolymerization of polysaccharides through the bimimetic catalysis. In this study, production of mannose from deproteinated palm kernel cake (DPKC) was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) approach. DPKC used in this study was prepared via deproteination using sodium hydroxide. The effects of different independent variables, on the DPKC hydrolysis efficiency were investigated. Initially, the highest reducing sugar (RS), 73.47 wt.% was obtained from a two-stage hydrolysis of DPKC at atmospheric pressure. The optimum condition was 94.13 °C, 7.1706 N of sulfuric acid at 100 min 25 s with water bath shaking at 100 rpm. Thereafter, microwave-assisted hydrolysis of DPKC was performed using sulfuric acid as catalyst. At the optimum operational condition (148 °C, 0.75 N H2SO4, 10 min 31 s and SS ratio of 1:49.69), 51.31 wt.% of mannose was attained. The optimization of microwave-assisted hydrolysis of DPKC proceeded with the organic acids [maleic acid (MA), succinic acid (SA) and fumaric acid (FA)]. When using FA as catalyst, the maximum mannose yield, 29.73 wt % was achieved at the optimal reaction parameters (188 °C, 0.06 N FA and reaction time of 51 min 32 s). Meanwhile, under the optimized condition (193 °C, 0.31 N SA and reaction time of 17 min 59 s), 30.93wt.% of mannose yield was obtained when SA was using in the hydrolysis process. Whereas, hydrolysis using MA produced 54.30 wt.% of mannose yield at the optimum operational conditions (182 °C, 0.1453 N MA and reaction time of 16 min 48 s). In comparison, the acid catalysis efficiency in term of mannose yield was found to be in the following order: MA > SA > FA. The results obtained suggest that the efficient hydrolysis of DPKC to produce mannose is better using MA than that of sulfuric acid. The remarkable catalytic efficiency of MA is attributed to the enzyme mimicking catalytic features, make it superior to mineral acid with minimal sugar degradation. Moreover, the structural resemblance of the MA to the carboxylic pairs in enzyme active site and its relatively small molecular size making it outperformed the typical enzyme catalysis.,PhD / Doktor Falsafah
Pages:	146
Call Number:	TP248.B55F343 2015 tesis
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

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