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Title:	Distribution and accumulation of selected heavy metals and pesticides in soil, water and paddy plants of the rice growing area of MADA in Kedah, Malaysia
Authors:	Nasser Salem Mohamed Alrawiq (P51224)
Supervisor:	Khairiah Jusoh, Assoc. Prof. Dr.
Keywords:	Heavy metals Pesticides Paddy plants Rice growing MADA Dissertations, Academic -- Malaysia
Issue Date:	4-Jul-2016
Description:	The objective of this study was to determine and compare the content of heavy metals and fipronil in the paddy soil, paddy plant parts and water and also to investigate the concentration of heavy metals and fipronil in the areas irrigated with recycled (RCL) and non-recycled (N-RCL) water during the dry and wet seasons from April 2010 to January 2011. The study was conducted at Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA) rice fields in the state of Kedah, Malaysia. The heavy metals studied were lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe). The sequential extraction method was adopted to extract the heavy metals from the soil. The extraction process was divided into four fractions namely: easily leachable and ion exchange fraction (EFLE), acid reducible fraction (AR), oxidation organic fraction (OO) and resistant fraction (RR). The wet digestion method was used to analyze the heavy metals content of the paddy plant parts (roots, stem, leaves, straw and grains). Fipronil in the soil and paddy plant parts was determined by solvent extraction method. The result of this study showed that most of the heavy metals concentration in the soil was highest (p˂0.05) in the resistant fraction (RR). The two most dominant metals extracted from the soil in the areas irrigated with RCL and N-RCL water during the dry and wet seasons were Fe and Mn. The mean concentration of heavy metals in the paddy plant parts were highest (p˂0.05) in the roots except for Mn which was highest (p˂0.05) in the straw parts in the areas irrigated with RCL and N-RCL water during the dry and wet seasons. The two highest metals extracted from the paddy plant parts in the areas irrigated with RCL and N-RCL water during the dry and wet seasons were Fe and Mn. Both Fe and Mn metals were also highest in the paddy field water (p˂0.05) in the areas irrigated with N-RCL and RCL water for both seasons. The mean concentration of fipronil in the soil was highest in the area irrigated with N-RCL water, while in the paddy plant parts, the highest was found in the leaf parts for both areas during the wet season. The mean concentration of fipronil in the irrigation system was highest in sampling station 10. The study also indicated that there was positive correlation observed between heavy metals concentration in the ELFE fraction and fipronil Cu (r = 0.800 & p˂0.01), Fe (r = 0.552 & p˂0.05), in the AR fraction and fipronil Cd (r = 0.581 & p˂0.05), Cr (r = 0.606 & p˂0.05), and in the OO fraction and fipronil Cu (r = 0.639 & p˂0.05) in the areas irrigated with RCL water during the wet season. Meanwhile, in the paddy plant parts, the positive correlation between heavy metals concentration was in the roots and fipronil Pb (r = 0.576 & p˂0.05), Cd (r = 0.522 & p˂0.05), and Cu (r = 0.628 & p˂0.05), in the stem and fipronil Fe (r = 0.537 & p˂0.05), and negative correlation was indicated between Cd concentration in the leaves and fipronil (r = -0.517 & p˂0.05). Pearson's correlation revealed significant correlation between heavy metals concentration and fipronil in the irrigation water. Overall, this study indicates that the rice planted in the study area is safe for consumption according to Malaysian Food Regulations and World Health Organization.,Certification of Master's/Doctoral Thesis" is not available
Pages:	325
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

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