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Title:	Kesan makanan dan saliniti terhadap tumbesaran juvenil kerapu harimau (Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus) yang dipelihara dalam sangkar
Authors:	Muhammadar (P48255)
Supervisor:	Mazlan Abd Ghaffar, Prof. Dr.
Keywords:	Kerapu harimau Fishes -- Feeding and feeds Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia -- Dissertations Dissertations, Academic -- Malaysia
Issue Date:	19-Jun-2014
Description:	Kajian telah dijalankan ke atas perkembangan juvenil ikan kerapu harimau (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) yang dipelihara di dalam sangkar pada bulan Februari 2010-Disember 2011 di Balai Budidaya Air Payau, Ujung Batee Aceh, Indonesia. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji jenis makanan juvenil, masa penghadaman makanan, perkembangan juvenil oleh kesan perbezaan asal juvenil (liar dan tempat penetasan) dan jenis makanan, tumbesaran juvenil oleh kesan saliniti, dan kesan kejutan saliniti terhadap komposisi asid amino. Ujian proksimat dan asid amino dijalankan untuk menilai kandungan pemakanan beberapa jenis makanan (pelet, udang, tilapia dan bilis). Ujian proksimat juga dijalankan untuk menilai kemampuan penghadaman makanan pelet diperut dan usus juvenil kerapu selama 12 jam. Ujian kadar tumbesaran mutlak dan spesifik, nisbah pertukaran makanan, dan kemandirian digunakan untuk menilai perkembangan juvenil kerapu sepanjang masa pemeliharaan. Kandungan protein (55%), lipid (17.28%), karbohidrat (12.12%) dan abu (9.13%) daripada makanan pelet EP2® lebih tinggi (p<0.05) berbanding makanan pelet Lova Larva®, udang, tilapia dan bilis. Kandungan asid amino perlu lisina (3.68%) dan histidina (1.33%) makanan pelet EP2® lebih tinggi (p<0.05) berbanding makanan yang lain sehingga dipilih sebagai makanan untuk pemeliharaan kerapu pada kajian selanjutnya. Kandungan protein dan lipid menurun signifikan (p<0.05) selama masa penghadaman 12 jam. Masa penghadaman optimum untuk protein dan lipid masing-masing adalah 10 jam dan 8 jam. Kandungan karbohidrat menurun secara tidak signifikan (p>0.05) selama masa ujikaji penghadaman. Kualiti air kolam tempat pemeliharaan juvenil (saliniti, suhu, pH, DO, kekeruhan, kandungan fosfat dan nitrat) masih dalam julat yang disyaratkan untuk pemeliharaan kerapu. Kadar tumbesaran mutlak dan spesifik serta kemandirian juvenil kerapu liar secara keseluruhan tidak berbeza secara signifikan (p<0.05) dengan juvenil dari tempat penetasan. Nisbah pertukaran makanan juvenil dari tempat penetasan lebih tinggi berbanding juvenil kerapu liar (p<0.05). Kadar tumbesaran mutlak (0.06 cm/hari), kadar tumbesaran spesifik (2.11%) dan kemandirian (96.41%) yang serta nisbah pertukaran makanan yang rendah (2.52) didapati pada juvenil yang diberi makanan pelet dan berbeza secara signifikan (p<0.05) dengan makanan lain (udang, bilis dan tilapia). Perbezaan peringkat saliniti air kolam memberi kesan yang signifikan (p>0.05) terhadap tumbesaran juvenil kerapu. Kadar tumbesaran mutlak (0.10 cm/hari), tumbesaran spesifik (2.26%) dan kemandirian (80.20%) yang tinggi dan nisbah pertukaran makanan yang rendah didapati pada juvenil yang dipelihara saliniti 32 dan berbeza signifikan (p<0.05) dengan saliniti 22 dan 28 psu. Keputusan ujian kejutan saliniti pula didapati bahawa semua kuantiti asid amino terutamanya lisina sangat mudah mengalami penurunan. Kejutan saliniti dengan sela masa 6 jam memberikan risiko yang rendah terhadap pertukaran atau penurunan asid amino. Secara keseluruhan, keputusan kajian mendapati bahawa pelet EP2® merupakan makanan terbaik bagi tumbesaran juvenil kerapu harimau. Tumbesaran juvenil yang baik berlaku dalam saliniti 32 dan tiada kejutan saliniti, kerana kejutan saliniti menurunkan kandungan lisina yang sangat diperlukan oleh juvenil,A study has been conducted on the development of juveniles tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) reared in cages on February 2010 - December 2011 at the Brackish Water Aquaculture Station, Ujung Batee-Aceh, Indonesia. The objectives of this study were to observe the best type of juveniles feeds, digestion time, juveniles growth by effect of different juveniles origin (wild and hatchery) and various feed, juveniles growth by salinity effect, and amino acid composition by salinity shock effect. Proximate and amino acid analysis were used to assess the nutritional content of several types of feed (pellet, shrimp, tilapia and anchovy). Assessment of the digestion ability of pellet in stomach and intestine of juveniles grouper for 12 hours were also conducted through proximate analysis. Evaluation of absolute growth rate (AGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feeding conversion rate (FCR) and survival rate (SR) are used to observe the development of juveniles growth during period culture. Protein content (55%), lipid (17:28%), carbohydrates (12:12%), ash (9.13%), essential amino acid lysine (3.68%) and histidine (1.33%) of the EP2® pellet was higher (p<0.05) than Lova Larva® pellet, shrimp, tilapia and anchovy. Through the nutritional content, EP2® pellet were selected for further investigation. Protein and lipid content decreased significantly (p<0.05) during the digestion time of 12 hours. The optimum digestion time of EP2® pellet were 10 and 8 hours for protein and lipid, respectively. Carbohydrates were indigested because the carbohydrate content is not significantly decrease (p>0.05) during the digestion times. Water ponds quality for juveniles culture (salinity, temperature, pH, oxygen demand, turbidity, phosphate and nitrate content) are still within the range required for the grouper juveniles. In all, absolute and specific growth rate and survival of wild juveniles did not differ significantly (p<0.05) with hatchery juveniles. However, food conversion ratio of wild juveniles was lower than juvenile from hatchery (p<0.05). Hatchery juveniles that were feed EP2® pellets showed high absolute growth rate at 0.06 cm/day, 2.11% of specific growth and 96.41% of survival rate, with low feeding conversion ratio (2.57) and differ significantly (p<0.05) than other feeds (shrimp, tilapia and anchovy). In addition, a high absolute growth of 0.095 cm/day, specific growth of 2.26% and survival rate of 80.20% and a low FCR were shown at 32 psu salinity during the end of the maintenance period (45th day) and significantly different (p<0.05) than salinity of 22 and 28 psu. Salinity shocks test showed that not only essential amino acids but also not essential amino acids especially Lysine is very likely to decrease. Salinity shock at 6 hours interval also did not cause any significant effect (p>0.05) on the quantity of amino acid. The overall, this study indicated that EP2® pellet was found to be good diet for the growth of juveniles tiger grouper. The best of juveniles growth occurred in salinity of 32 without salinity shock. Amino acid lysine that is required by a juveniles decrease significantly by salinity shock. Good juveniles growth occurred in salinity 32 and no salinity shock, because the shock of lower salinity content of lysine that is required by a juveniles.,Ph.D.,A study has been conducted on the development of juveniles tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) reared in cages on February 2010 - December 2011 at the Brackish Water Aquaculture Station, Ujung Batee-Aceh, Indonesia. The objectives of this study were to observe the best type of juveniles feeds, digestion time, juveniles growth by effect of different juveniles origin (wild and hatchery) and various feed, juveniles growth by salinity effect, and amino acid composition by salinity shock effect. Proximate and amino acid analysis were used to assess the nutritional content of several types of feed (pellet, shrimp, tilapia and anchovy). Assessment of the digestion ability of pellet in stomach and intestine of juveniles grouper for 12 hours were also conducted through proximate analysis. Evaluation of absolute growth rate (AGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feeding conversion rate (FCR) and survival rate (SR) are used to observe the development of juveniles growth during period culture. Protein content (55%), lipid (17:28%), carbohydrates (12:12%), ash (9.13%), essential amino acid lysine (3.68%) and histidine (1.33%) of the EP2® pellet was higher (p<0.05) than Lova Larva® pellet, shrimp, tilapia and anchovy. Through the nutritional content, EP2® pellet were selected for further investigation. Protein and lipid content decreased significantly (p<0.05) during the digestion time of 12 hours. The optimum digestion time of EP2® pellet were 10 and 8 hours for protein and lipid, respectively. Carbohydrates were indigested because the carbohydrate content is not significantly decrease (p>0.05) during the digestion times. Water ponds quality for juveniles culture (salinity, temperature, pH, oxygen demand, turbidity, phosphate and nitrate content) are still within the range required for the grouper juveniles. In all, absolute and specific growth rate and survival of wild juveniles did not differ significantly (p<0.05) with hatchery juveniles. However, food conversion ratio of wild juveniles was lower than juvenile from hatchery (p<0.05). Hatchery juveniles that were feed EP2® pellets showed high absolute growth rate at 0.06 cm/day, 2.11% of specific growth and 96.41% of survival rate, with low feeding conversion ratio (2.57) and differ significantly (p<0.05) than other feeds (shrimp, tilapia and anchovy). In addition, a high absolute growth of 0.095 cm/day, specific growth of 2.26% and survival rate of 80.20% and a low FCR were shown at 32 psu salinity during the end of the maintenance period (45th day) and significantly different (p<0.05) than salinity of 22 and 28 psu. Salinity shocks test showed that not only essential amino acids but also not essential amino acids especially Lysine is very likely to decrease. Salinity shock at 6 hours interval also did not cause any significant effect (p>0.05) on the quantity of amino acid. The overall, this study indicated that EP2® pellet was found to be good diet for the growth of juveniles tiger grouper. The best of juveniles growth occurred in salinity of 32 without salinity shock. Amino acid lysine that is required by a juveniles decrease significantly by salinity shock. Good juveniles growth occurred in salinity 32 and no salinity shock, because the shock of lower salinity content of lysine that is required by a juveniles
Pages:	219
Call Number:	QL638.S48M834 2014 tesis
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

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