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Title:	A systematic study of Madhuca Buch.-Ham. ex J. F. Gmelin (sapotaceae) of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors:	Naser O. Ihsaeen Omar (P50879)
Supervisor:	Abdul Latiff, Prof. Emeritus Dato' Dr.
Keywords:	Sapotaceae Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia -- Dissertations Dissertations, Academic -- Malaysia
Issue Date:	19-Nov-2014
Description:	The genus Madhuca Buch,-Ham. ex J. F. Gmelin in Peninsular Malaysia comprises 30 taxa currently recognised. It composes small to large trees distributed in the fresh water swamps, coastal forests, limestone hill forests, lowland forests and up to 1800 meters above sea level in montane forest. More than 900 specimens of Madhuca were observed from five herbaria in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Among the 30 taxa studied, seventeen taxa of Madhuca are endemic to Peninsular Malaysia, namely M. aristulata, M. calcicola, M. khoonmengii, M. kunstleri, M. latiffiana, M. longistyla, M. malaysiana, M. pasohensis, M. penangiana, M. penicillata, M. ridleyi, M.selangorica, M. sericea var. ridleyi, M. sessiliflora, M. tomentosa, M. tubulosa and M. whitmorei while M. palembanica is a new record for Peninsular Malaysia. The species M. khoonmengii N. Omar et Latiff, M. pasohensis N. Omar et Latiff, M. latiffiana N. Omar, M. whitmorei Chantaranothai, Latiff & N. Omar and M. malaysiana Chantaranothai, Latiff & N. Omar are new species to science. In this study, the genus is divided into two sections, namely sect. Madhuca and sect. Ganua (Dubard) N. Omar based on the characters of the lateral veins of the leaves. Key to the species of Madhuca was constructed based mainly on the morphological characters. New evidences on morphology, anatomy and ultra-structures were also obtained. Morphological studies have added the fruit characters especially for M. longistyla and M. sessiliflora which were inadequate from previous studies. Besides that the general shape of the leaves, type of hairs present, secondary and tertiary nervation types and fruit characters for all the species were rectified and updated from previous authors. Evidences from anatomical studies and epidermal structures of leaves through SEM were reported for the first time. The anatomy of the 26 species had shown that there were five types of petiole outline, ten types of vascular bundle on the petiole, twelve types of midrib outline and eight types of vascular bundle on the midrib. Ultrastructures results showed that all the specimens had cuticular thickening on the adaxial of the leaves and three types of trichomes, simple, two-armed and glandular were illustrated. The stomata are hypostomatic except in M. kunstleri which are amphistomatic. Three types of stomata observed, anisocytic, tetracytic and paracytic. The average length of the stomata ranges from 6-30 μm. Pollen grains of Madhuca is generally subprolate in shape and 4-colporate. Four main types of surface ornamentation were found, granular, anastomosed granular, rugulate and perforate. M. curtisii and M. motleyana possess the biggest pollen and M. khoonmengii and M. calcicola the smallest. The phonetic relationship showed three main groups and five subgroups formed. The Gower General Similarity Coefficeint values for the Madhuca range from moderate to high which implied that the group has a moderate to close species relationship. The numerical analysis also showed there were no clear cut characters to recognise infrageneric categories.,Genus Madhuca Buch.-Ham. ex J. F. Gmelin di Semenanjung Malaysia terdiri daripada 30 takson kini diiktirafkan. Ia terdiri daripada pohon yang bersaiz kecil hingga besar tertabur di hutan paya air tawar, hutan persisiran pantai, hutan batu kapur, hutan dipterokarpa tanah rendah hingga ke altitud 1800 m atas paras laut ke hutan pergunungan. Lebih daripada 900 spesimen Madhuca telah diperhatikan daripada lima herbarium di Semenanjung Malaysia dan Singapura. Antara 30 takson yang dikaji, 17 adalah endemik kepada Semenanjung Malaysia, sementara M. palembanica ialah rekod baru bagi Semenanjung Malaysia. Lima spesies, M. khoonmengii N. Omar et Latiff, M. pasohensis N. Omar et Latiff, M. latiffiana N. Omar, M. whitmorei Chantaranothai, Latiff & N. Omar and M. malaysiana Chantaranothai, Latiff & N. Omar adalah baru bagi sains. Dalam kajian ini genus telah dibahagikan kepada dua seksyen, iaitu seks. Madhuca dan seks. Ganua (Dubard) N. Omar. Berdasarkan sifat urat sisi daun. Kekunci kepada spesies telah dibangunkan berdasarkan kepada sifat morfologi. Bukti baru morfologi, anatomi dan ultra-struktur telah diperolehi. Kajian morfologi telah menambah sifat buah khususnya kepada M. longistyla dan M. sessiliflora yang tidak memadai daripada kajian terdahulu. Selain daripada itu bentuk daun, jenis bulu yang wujud, jenis peruratan sekunder dan tertier dan sifat buah untuk semua spesies telah dikemaskinikan. Bukti daripada kajian anatomi dan struktur epidermis daun melalui SEM telah dilaporkan buat pertama kali. Anatomi 26 spesies telah menunjukkan terdapat lima jenis bentuk luar petiol, 10 jenis berkas vaskular petiol, 12 jenis bentuk luar dan lapan jenis berkas vaskular tulang daun. Hasil kajian ultra-struktur menunjukkan semua spesies mempunyai penebalan kutikel pada permukaan adaksial daun dan tiga jenis trikom; ringkas, berlengan dua dan berkelenjar telah diilustrasikan. Stomata adalah hipostomatik melainkan pada M. kunstleri yang amfistomatik dan tiga jenis stomata telah diperhatikan, anisositik, tetrasitik dan parasitik. Purata panjang stomata berjulat antara 6-30 μm Debunga Madhuca secara umum adalah berbentuk subprolat dan 4-kolporat. Empat jenis hiasan permukaan eksin telah diperhatikan; granul, granul ber anastomos, rugulat dan perforat. M. curtisii dan M. motleyana mempunyai debunga terbesar dan M. khoonmengii dan M. calcicola debunga terkecil. Pertalian fenetik menunjukkan tiga kumpulan utama dan lima sub-kumpulan terbentuk. Nilai Pekali Keserupaan Umum Gower bagi Madhuca berjulat daripada sederhana kepada tinggi yang member implikasi bahawa kumpulan mempunyai pertalian antara sederhana kepada rapat. Analisis berangka juga menunjukkan tidak terdapat sifat yang menonjol bagi mengiktiraf kategori infragenus.,Ph.D.
Pages:	297
Call Number:	QK445.52N646 2014 tesis
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

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