1. UKM Learning and Research Repository
2. PHD Thesis / Tesis PHD
3. Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Title:	Fate And Distribution Of Organochlorine Pesticides In Cameron Highlands
Authors:	Naghmeh Saadati (P53945)
Supervisor:	Md Pauzi Abdullah, Professor Dr.
Keywords:	Fate And Distribution Of Organochlorine Pesticides Fate Of Organochlorine Pesticides In Cameron Highlands Distribution Of Organochlorine Pesticides In Cameron Highlands Cameron Highlands Fate And Distribution Of Organochlorine Pesticides Organochlorine compounds--Environmental aspects
Issue Date:	15-Nov-2013
Description:	This study aimed to investigate the status and the environmental fate of 18 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in aquatic environment of an intensive agriculture area as well as popular tourism destination of Cameron Highlands, Malaysia that can be considered as a model area where pesticides were intensively used. The study involves evaluation and optimization of extraction methods for organochlorine pesticides from water and sediment. A total of 112 surface water and sediment samples were collected at eight selected sampling points along the main rivers in the area namely Sg. Telom and Sg. Bertam in the dry and wet seasons of 2011. The OCPs values were between < DL (detection limit) to 67.41 (mean of 7.55±11.46) ng/L in the water samples. They were between 0.41 to 82.16 (mean of 21.33±18.54) ng/g of dry weight in the sediment samples. γ–HCH was detected in 70% of water samples. 8 OCPs out of 18 namely aldrin, dieldrin, endrin ketone, endrin aldehyde, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide and δ–HCH were less than detection limit in water samples. 15 OCPs out of 18 namely γ–HCH, endrin, endosulfan sulfate, heptachlor, aldrin, 4,4'DDT, 4,4'DDD, 4,4'DDE, δ–HCH, endosulfan I, β–HCH, endosulfan II, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide and α–HCH were detected in the most sediment samples. The α/γ ratio of HCH isomers were 0.11 and 0.17 in average terms of sediment and water samples, respectively. Although the usage of HCHs has been increasingly reduced since 1998, these results indicate a high possibility of new input of lindane (γ–HCH) in some of the water and sediment samples in Bertam and Telom Rivers. The ratios of DDD/DDE and (DDE + DDD)/DDT from sediment samples show a possible evidence of recent use of DDT because DDT metabolites were derived aerobically before being transported by surface run-off to the waterway sediment. Some seasonal variations in the level of selected pesticides were noted. Multivariate data analysis of the 15 detected OCPs in sediment, with respect to the type of land-use shows that endosulfan I was found around the tea plantation areas, such as BOH Tea Plantation and Blue Valley; γ–HCH (lindane) was found near vegetable plantation areas, including Fama Office, Habu, Terla, and Golf Field stations; 4,4' DDE and aldrin were found near Blue Valley station; and endrin, heptachlor, 4,4' DDD, 4,4' DDT, and heptachlor epoxide were found in the nearby villages. Among the 10 detected OCPs in water samples, lindane (γ–HCH), detected around the upper stations, particularly in Telom River, was important. The OCPs seemed to enter the river through the run-off from agricultural areas and villages. β–HCH, as the most persistent HCH isomer, was mostly found in the downstream of the rivers. The result shows that there was a possibility of endosulfan and lindane being reintroduced in some parts of agriculture areas studied especially nearby the areas with tea and vegetable plantation activities. This study clearly indicated that Cameron Highlands water resource will be at risk of contamination by OCPs due to farming activities in the upper region of the catchment areas. Thus it is strongly recommended that responsible authorities control further development of farming areas in order for the water supply be sustainable in terms of quality and quantity.,PhD
Pages:	196
Call Number:	SB952.C44 .N334 2013
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.