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Title:	Determination Of Heavy Metal Concentrations In Arius Thalassinus And Johnius Belangri Fishes From The Coastal Waters Of Kapar And Mersing, Malaysia
Authors:	Fathi Alhashmi Bashir Ali (P46960)
Supervisor:	Mohammed Shuhaimi Othman, Assoc. Prof. Dr.
Keywords:	Heavy Metal Concentrations Arius Thalassinus Johnius Belangri Fishes Water \\Pollution-Measurement
Issue Date:	28-Nov-2013
Description:	Fishes are considered as good indicators of heavy metal pollution in the aquatic ecosystem in addition to being a good source of protein. Thus, the level of heavy metals in fish, which can become a health hazard, were examined. This study determines the concentration of aluminium (Al), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in selected marine fish species namely "ikan duri", Arius thalassinus and "ikan gelama", Johnius belangeri. In order to investigate the effect of fish size (length and weight) on metal accumulation, the relationships between metal concentrations and fish size were assessed. Furthermore, the metal pollution index (MPI) was used to determine the regional differences among sampling sites. Seasonal variations of metal levels in fish tissues were also examined. Evaluation of associated health risks from fish consumption were conducted of which, the intake rates of heavy metals were gauged based on the heavy metal concentrations in the fish muscles and the rate of daily fish consumption by the Malaysian population. A total of 160 fish specimens were sampled from coastal waters of Kapar, Selangor and Mersing, Johor during dry and rainy seasons from March 2009 to April 2010. The selected study areas differ in terms of hinterland industrial development, which consists mainly of a power plant station, port, shipping, and small manufacturing industries in the west coast (Kapar) as well as the non-industrialized area in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Mersing). Muscle, liver, and gill tissues of these fish species were extracted and dried. After microwave digestion was performed, these samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results revealed that significant differences in the levels of the analyzed elements were observed among different tissues. The levels of Fe (968.2 ± 73.6 μg/g), Zn (479.8 ± 38.5 μg/g), Cu (45.34 ± 6.8 μg/g), Ni (15.51 ± 2.8 μg/g), Cr (6.85 ± 2.6 μg/g), Co (1.62 ± 0.8 μg/g), and Cd (1.46 ± 0.03 μg/g) were higher in the liver, whereas the levels of Al (230.4 ± 10.6 μg/g), Mn (18.23 ± 4.9 μg/g), and Pb (2.10 ± 0.001 μg/g) were higher in the gills. The muscles had the lowest levels for the analyzed elements except As (18.86 ± 1.76 μg/g). Arius thalassinus and J. belangeri from Kapar had higher metal concentrations than those collected from Mersing except Cr, Al, Ni, and Pb in the muscles of J. belangeri and As in the muscles of both fish species. Thus, A. thalassinus had higher metal levels compared with J. belangeri for most of the tested elements. Significant relationships (p<0.05) were also observed between the levels of several metals in fish organs and fish size. The calculated MPI indicated that the distribution along the study sites was in the following order: Kapar > Mersing. Al, Ni, Zn, and Pb levels were higher in the dry season than in the rainy season. By contrast, As level was higher in the rainy season. The hazard index (HI) for As and Cr were higher than one (HI > 1), and thus may cause health risk to humans. Results of this study provided useful information on the aquatic environmental conditions and distribution of heavy metals in fish species and may be considered as a convenient baseline to evaluate any future pollution trends.,PhD
Pages:	258
Call Number:	TD420 .A444 2013
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

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