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Title:	Pembingkaian berita keganasan dalam akhbar perdana Malaysia dan Indonesia
Authors:	Dafrizal (P45387 )
Supervisor:	Prof. Dr. Faridah Ibrahim
Keywords:	Berita keganasan Keselamatan dan kestabilan negara Identiti pengganas Terrorism-press coverage
Issue Date:	8-Nov-2014
Description:	Kajian ini mengenal pasti bentuk pembingkaian, faktor-faktor pengaruh, dan proses pembinaan bingkai berita keganasan dalam akhbar perdana Utusan Malaysia (UM) dan New Straits Times (NST), dari Malaysia, Republika (RP) dan Jakarta Post (JP) dari Indonesia. Kaedah yang digunakan ialah analisis isi kandungan kualitatif dan temu bual mendalam. Tiga objektif telah dibentuk iaitu pertama, menganalisis pembingkaian berita keganasan pada teks berita akhbar dengan mengaplikasikan pembingkaian Robert M. Entman (1993); kedua, menyelidik faktor-faktor pengaruh pembingkaian berita keganasan; dan ketiga, mengkaji gambaran proses pembinaan bingkai berita keganasan. Kajian mendapati UM, NST, RP dan JP memiliki tiga persamaan dominan pendefinisian masalah keganasan iaitu masalah keselamatan negara, pemahaman dan pentafsiran ajaran agama, dan pengebom berani mati. Namun, UM, RP dan JP menambah kepada senarai definisi iaitu isu pemulihan ekonomi, keadaan politik semasa, dan pemberitaan media massa. Selain itu, kesemua akhbar memiliki persamaan perspektif dominan mengenai punca keganasan iaitu pengebom berani mati, fahaman pelampau, dan jurang sosial. Manakala, UM dan JP menambahkan tentang situasi politik semasa, RP dan JP melihat ketidaktepatan daftar penduduk dan pola laporan media, dan JP pula melihat kegagalan perisikan. Dari segi moral, terdapat dua persamaan pandangan dominan bagi kesemua akhbar iaitu pencalaran imej keselamatan dan kestabilan negara, dan serangan bom puak pelampau. Isu lainnya merangkumi keganasan tidak berperikemanusiaan, gangguan ekonomi, situasi politik semasa, tuntutan agama, kesan jurang sosial, sokongan media massa, DNA pengesahan identiti pengganas, serangan terhadap simbol dan kepentingan Barat, serta keganasan pembiayaan asing. Di samping itu, kesemua akhbar memiliki dua persamaan perspektif dominan penyelesaian masalah keganasan iaitu meningkatkan keselamatan dan menyiasat pengebom berani mati. Cadangan lainnya merangkumi penguatkuasaan undang-undang, kerjasama antarabangsa menangani keganasan serta perburuan, penangkapan dan penahanan pengganas. Namun, UM dan JP mencadangkan isu pendidikan dan kemahiran, dan peranan media memerangi keganasan. Pembingkaian keganasan oleh empat akhbar ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor dalaman yang meliputi falsafah dan dasar akhbar, nilai berita, pandangan elit media dan wartawan, naluri pengarang dan wartawan, pendekatan dan kupasan isu berita. Pengaruh faktor luaran pula merangkumi dasar kerajaan dan kepentingan nasional, sumber berita, agensi berita asing, pembaca, hubungan dua hala negara, persaingan media sosial, dan etika kewartawanan. Proses pembinaan bingkai keganasan akhbarakhbar tersebut bersandarkan interaksi berterusan antara wartawan, elit media dan faktor-faktor pengaruh dengan pola hubungan interaksi simbiotik dan searah. Dalam konteks Malaysia dan Indonesia, kajian ini memberi implikasi bahawa isu keselamatan negara, pengebom berani mati dan isu hubungan dua hala adalah faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi pembingkaian keganasan.,This study identifies forms of framing, the influencing factors, and the process of frame-building of terrorism news in mainstream newspapers in Malaysia, Utusan Malaysia (UM) and New Straits Times (NST) and Indonesia, Republika (RP) and Jakarta Post (JP). Two methodologies are used for data collection namely qualitative content analysis and in-depth interviews. Three objectives were formulated. First, to analyse news framing on terrorism based on media framing by Robert M. Entman (1993). Second, to investigate the factors that influences the framing of terrorism news. Third, to study the process of frame-building in terrorism news. The study found that UM, NST, RP and JP have three dominant similarities of defining terrorism namely from the perspectives of national security problems, understanding and interpretation of religious teachings, and suicide bombing. However, UM, RP and JP also have additional definition from the perspectives of economic recovery, current political situation, and the trend in media reporting. In addition, the newspapers are similar in terms of the dominant causes of terrorism, namely suicide bombing, extremism, and social gap. Meanwhile, UM and JP add current political situation, RP and JP add the inaccuracy of national census and trend in media reporting, and JP adds failure of intelligence. Morally, there are two dominant views which are similar among the four newspapers and these include the distortion of image pertaining to national security and stability, and bomb attacks of extremists. Other issues include inhuman terrorism issues, economic disruption, current political situation, religious claims, social gaps, media support, DNA authentication of terrorists, attacks against Western interests and symbols and foreign-funded terrorism. In addition, the four newspapers have two similar dominant perspectives in solving the problem of terrorism namely improving security and investigating suicide bombing. Other recommendations include enforcing laws, forging international cooperation to address the issue of terrorism and tracking, arresting and detention of terrorism suspects. However, UM and JP respectively propose the issue of education and skills, and the role of the media in declaring war against terrorism. Media framing of terrorism by these newspapers are influenced by internal factors such as the newspapers' philosophy and policy, the news values, views of media elites and journalists, editors' and journalists' instinct, as well as approaches and focus of news analysis. The external factors which have influence include government policies and national interests, sources of news, foreign news agencies, the readers, bilateral relations between the two countries, social media competition, and journalistic ethics. The frame-building process of terrorism in these newspapers is generally based on continuous symbiotic and one-way interactions between journalists, the media elites and the influencing factors. In the context of Malaysia and Indonesia, the study implies that issues of national security, suicide bombing and bilateral relations are the dominant factors that influence the framing of terrorism,Ph.D
Pages:	393
Call Number:	PN4784.T45D336 2014
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan

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