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Title:	Optimization, identification and profiling of polyphenolic compounds of Ficus carica and Ficus fistulosa
Authors:	Parul Akhtar (P78158)
Supervisor:	Zahira Yaakob, Prof. Ir. Dr.
Keywords:	Fig Ficus (Plants) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia -- Dissertations Dissertations, Academic -- Malaysia
Issue Date:	28-Nov-2018
Description:	Ficus is an important and ancient genus in the world under the family Moraceae. Different parts of Ficus species such as leaves, stem barks, fruit and roots are used in traditional medicine from ancient age to treat various diseases. This species is not only valuable from a nutritional point of view, but also source of therapeutic effects, which is potential replacement of synthetic antioxidants by natural ones. A few studies reports the antioxidant activity and other pharmacological activities on this species. However, the antioxidant activity and profiling of phenolic compounds of most of the Ficus species remains unexamined and lack extensive documentation. In this study, extraction yields, phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different parts of twelve (12) of Ficus species as well as eighteen (18) cultivars of Ficus carica were investigated using two different extraction processes such as ultrasonication and maceration. The total phenolic content (TPC) was calculated by using Folin-Ciocalteu assay. While 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays were used for the determination of antioxidant activity. The leaves of Violette solise cultivar showed highest antioxidant activity (92.04 ± 1.24 % of DPPH and 99.79 ± 0.13% of ABTS), and contain higher phenolic contents (23.04 ± 0.30 mg GAE/gm DL) whereas the cultivar B110 showed highest extraction yields (14.98 ± 0.23 %) using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) extraction process but exhibited second highest antioxidant activity and phenolic contents. In UAE process, the fruit of Ficus fistulosa showed the highest antioxidant activity, phenolic contents and extraction yields for most of the Ficus species and the cultivars of F. carica as compared to the maceration extraction process. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise the extraction parameters such as solvent concentration, temperature and sonication time for the fruit of F. fistulosa based on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The highest antioxidant activity (94.95 ± 0.97 % for DPPH and 99.72 ± 0.25% of ABTS) that could be obtained by using UAE was with following conditions: 67 % v/v Ethanol-water with extraction time of 19.50 min at temperature of 37.0 °C. Meanwhile, the highest yield of total phenolic content (38.12 ± 1.34 mg GAE/g DF) were derived at 48% of ethanol, 41°C, and 19 min. The phytocompounds present in the optimised extract were identified by LC0ESI-MS/MS analysis using Q-TOF mass spectrometer. The overall results of this research demonstrated the potential of F. fistulosa and F. carica (Violette solise cultivar) to be an abundant source of natural antioxidants suitable for further development into dietary supplements and various food additives. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of antioxidants from F. fistulosa is an environment-friendly or green process for the preparation of extracts in natural antioxidants aimed at replacing synthetic antioxidants.,Ph.D.
Pages:	155
Call Number:	QK495.M73A396 2018 3 tesis
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment / Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina

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