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Title:	Analysis of Malaysian climate change policies: an environmentally extended SAM approach
Authors:	Mohammad Mahdi Kiaeeha (P61222)
Supervisor:	Jamal Othman, Prof. Dr.
Keywords:	Climatic changes -- Malaysia Social accounting -- Malaysia Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia -- Dissertations Dissertations, Academic -- Malaysia
Issue Date:	2-Nov-2019
Description:	Environmental policies were established to affect the pattern of resource use and allocation. These policies indirectly affect economic output, employment, and income distribution. The intricacy of the linkages between economic, social, and environmental variables necessitates economy-wide investigation for analyzing the efficacy of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission control policies. To date, studies on the effect of environmental policies in the case of Malaysia have mainly utilized the Input-Output (IO) table, while the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) approach has been ignored. The IO model can analyse direct, indirect and induced effects; and detect the source, direction and magnitude of changes by decomposition of structural change, however it is not capable of investigating income distribution in the economy. The SAM model overcomes the above-mentioned deficiency of the IO model by considering the role of income distribution in economy-wide analysis. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to construct an Environmentally Extended Social Accounting Matrix (ESAM) model for Malaysia for the year 2010. The model incorporates renewable energy, land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF)based on the 2005 official Malaysian SAM (published by department of statistics,Malaysia). The model differs from traditional SAM models in two ways. Firstly, the model incorporates Biomass (as renewable energy). Secondly, it applies the SAM model with highest possible disaggregated level of economy sectors and considering GHG emission and environmental data. Furthermore, it explicitly breaks down households into rural households, urban households, and non-citizen households. This model is validated by its ability to replicate the initial values of the variables. The SAM model is utilized to assess the comparative static economy-wide effects of imposing carbon tax in the production process (for top emitters of carbon). The Electricity and gas, and Petroleum refinery, water transport, land transport, and air transport are the top emitters of carbon in 2005 and 2010. In this analysis, three scenarios are simulated: no recycling of tax revenue, direct transfer to rural households and direct transfer to rural and urban households. Impacts on GDP, income distribution, employment levels, and on GHG emissions are investigated. The findings reveal that carbon tax lead to reduction in GDP in 2005 and 2010. However, the reduction in GDP has been attenuated in the second (in case of direct transfer to rural households) and the third scenarios (in case of direct transfer to rural and urban households). Direct transfer to household not only decreases the negative impact of carbon tax, but also leads to positive effect on income distribution of rural and urban labour. Finally, the outcome shows that the third scenario may reconcile emission reduction and high-income targets. Hence the scenario of direct transfer of environmental tax revenue to rural and urban households can be a desirable policy for Malaysian economy.,��Certification of Master's/Doctoral Thesis�� is not available,Ph.D.
Pages:	257
Call Number:	HD60.K534 2019 tesis
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Economy and Management / Fakulti Ekonomi dan Pengurusan

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