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Title:	Pengoptimuman proses pensterilan berterusan di kilang bagi menghasilkan minyak sawit berkualiti tingg
Authors:	Rohaya Mohamed Halim (P25131)
Supervisor:	Md. Pauzi Abdullah, Prof. Dr.
Keywords:	minyak sawit Palm oil
Issue Date:	18-Jul-2011
Description:	Mesin pemecah tandan yang berfungsi untuk membuat rekahan dan bukaan pada buah tandan segar (BTS) telah digunakan dalam pembangunan sistem pensterilan berterusan. Kaedah ini membantu mempercepatkan penembusan stim hingga ke lapisan dalam tandan semasa pensterilan berterusan dijalankan di bawah tekanan atmosfera (0 psig) selama 60 minit. Kesan penggunaan mesin pemecah tandan ini ke atas peningkatan tahap memar biji sawit, kekacang pecah, penanggalan mesokarpa dan juga pembentukan asid lemak bebas (ALB) telah dikaji dengan mendalam. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan mesin pemecah tandan telah menyebabkan peningkatan yang signifikan terhadap peratusan biji sawit memar iaitu dari 2.09% kepada 17.34%. Manakala kekacang pecah pula meningkat dari 0.12% sebelum memasuki mesin pemecah tandan kepada 0.62%. Peningkatan tahap memar biji sawit mempercepatkan aktiviti enzim lipase yang memangkinkan proses hidrolisis bagi membentuk ALB yang tinggi. Kajian menunjukan bahawa ALB meningkat sebanyak 75% selepas 15 minit tandan dipecahkan dan terus meningkat sehingga 156% selepas 45 minit dipecahkan. Pemanasan lanjut selama 60 minit ke atas biji sawit selepas pensterilan pertama mampu meningkatkan penanggalan mesokarp sebanyak 68% iaitu dari 20.06% kepada 48.32%. Namun begitu berlaku perubahan kualiti minyak sawit yang signifikan terhadap kandungan ALB dan nilai peroksida. ALB meningkat sebanyak 60% dari 1.73% kepada 2.76%, manakala nilai peroksida pula sebanyak 70% iaitu dari 1.69 kepada 2.88 milisetara per kg. Pemanasan lanjut telah menyebabkan penurunan indek kebolehlunturan sebanyak 20% iaitu dari 3.34 kepada 2.69. Keputusan kajian ini menunjukan bahwa penggunaan mesin pemecah tandan dan pemanasan lanjut tidak melebihi 40 minit mampu mencapai kesemua objektif proses pensterilan serta menghasilkan minyak sawit mentah berkualiti tinggi.,In the development of continuous sterilization system, a bunch crusher with the function to open up the close knit of the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) have been used. This method accelerates the steam penetration into the inner layer of the bunch while continuous sterilization was conducted under atmospheric pressure (0 psig) for 60 minutes. The effect of using this crusher on the increment of fruits bruising, broken nuts, mesocarp detachment and the formation of free fatty acid (FFA) have been studied thoroughly. Studies show that this machine has caused significant increase on the percentage of bruised fruits from 2.09% to 17.34%. The percentage for broken nuts has increased from 0.l2% before crushing to 0.62%. The bruising of the fruits accelerates lipase enzyme activity that hydrolyse the trygliceride and produced high FFA. Studies showed the FFA increase up to 75% after 15 minutes crushed. It continue to increase up to 156% after 45 minutes. Further heating for 60 minutes on the sterilized fruits after the first sterilization increased the mesocarp detachment up to 68% from 20.06% to 48.32%. However, there was a significant change in the palm oil quality interm of FFA and peroxide value (PV). FFA increased by 60% from 1.73% to 2.76%, while PV increased by 70% from 1.69 to 2.88 miliequivalent/kg. Further heating has caused the deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI) to decrease by 20% from 3.34 to 2.69. The results of these studies showed that crushing of FFB prior to the sterilization process and futher heating of the sterilized fruitlets not more than 40 minutes enable to achieve all objectives of the sterilization process as well as producing better quality of crude palm oil.,Master/Sarjana
Pages:	131
Call Number:	TP684.P3R634 2011 tesis
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Information Science and Technology / Fakulti Teknologi dan Sains Maklumat

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