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Title:	Simulation study of low power one stage photovoltaic brackish water reverse osmosis
Authors:	Assim Mudhafar Fadhil (P59766)
Supervisor:	Mohammad Alghoul, Prof. Dr.
Keywords:	Photovoltaic brackish Brackish waters
Issue Date:	10-Jul-2014
Description:	Reverse osmosis (RO) process is usually the most suitable method to be applied, where brackish water (BW) is available. RO is also the preferred method for small-scale desalination process. The cost of energy is high in remote location.RO consumes the least amount of energy compared to other desalination processes .Water in remote locations in Malaysia is mainly made up of brackish water with salinity of up to 15000 mg/l ,and cannot consumed due to its high salinity. The aim of this study is to design optimal one stage PV-BWRO with one pressure vessel in terms of energy efficiency, compact size, cost effectiveness and able to provide fresh water to people in remote location. The Reverse Osmosis System Analysis (ROSA) model is used to simulate the design characteristics of the RO unit under different brackish water salinities (less than 15000 mg/l), 5 membrane types, and 4 different RO loads (0.5-2kW). The Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) simulation tool is used to design a stand-alone PV-BWRO power system under the Malaysian climate and different latitudes around the globe. Results show that the maximum permeate flow found in this study is 61.18 m³/day with membrane LC HR-4040, feed TDS 2000 mg/l and 2kW load. The maximum specific energy shown in this study is 1.64 kWh/m³ with membrane SW30HRLE-4040 at feed TDS 9000 mg/l with the load power of 2kW, while the minimum specific energy is 0.41kWh/m³ and it is with the membrane LC HR-4040 at feed TDS 1000 mg/l and load power 0.50kW. The cost range of fresh water produced in this study is (0.23-0.44) $/m³. Results show that at water salinity (less than or equal) of 5000 mg/l, the optimum design is recommended using LCHR-4040 (8 membrane elements) at 2kW RO load. For brackish water of high salinity (more than 5000mg/l), SW30-4040 or SW30HRLE-4040 is recommended. Overall, the single stage BWRO unit of one pressure vessel studied is considered as a good choice in producing appropriate permeate flow at low specific energy. Also, it is found potential to be powered by compact size and optimal economical PV power system. The optimum design includes 9kW PV array, 7 battery and 4kW converter with total net present costing $22,614 and COE 0.204 $/kWh. Besides, results show that the PV power system is found most economical at latitude (10oS) and this system includes 7 kW PV array, 4 batteries and 4 kW converter with total net present costing $19,573 and COE 0.177 $/kWh. Moreover, the most expensive PV power system is found at latitude (60o S) and this system includes 60 kW PV array, 36 batteries and a 4 kW converter with the total net present costing $84,785 and COE 0.767 $/kWh. Powering the BWRO system with the PV system has plenty of advantages, including the fact that it is maintenance-free, it has easy installation and up to 25 years of lifespan.,Master/Sarjana
Pages:	157
Call Number:	TK1087.F335 2014 tesis
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Solar Energy Research Institute / Institut Penyelidikan Tenaga Suria (SERI)

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