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Title:	Sedimentology of the Semantan Formation, the triassic deepwater sedimentary deposits in the central belt of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors:	Hasnol Hady Ismail (P41295)
Supervisor:	Mohd Shafeea Leman, Prof. Dr.
Keywords:	Sedimentology -- Malaysia Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia -- Dissertations Dissertations, Academic -- Malaysia
Issue Date:	22-Jun-2015
Description:	Outcrops of the Semantan Formation along East-Coast Highway between Lanchang and Maran, and area around Temerloh, Mentakab and Jengka were studied. Sedimentary facies and facies associations were examined to get a better understanding on sedimentation processes in relation to submarine fan models and their potential as geoheritage sites. Field studies include outcrop descriptions, lithologs sedimentological logging, fossils and rock sampling whereas laboratory studies include petrographic and microfossil analyses. The main facies recognized in the field includes conglomerate, medium- to thick-bedded sandstone, interbedded sandstone-shale, contorted sandstone-shale, and shale-dominated heterolithic facies. These are grouped into fining-upward channelized turbidite, fining- and coarsening-upward fan-lobe succession, chaotic slump continental slope deposit, and outer fan/basin plain facies associations. Some mudstone contain Middle to Upper Triassic bivalves namely Entolium subdemisum Muenster, Neoschizodus sp., Costatoria pahangensis (Kobayashi & Tamura) and Costatoria chegarperahensis (Kobayashi & Tamura) and gastropod (?Nerita sp.). The new findings include deepwater species of foraminifera (e.g Bathysiphon sp., Sigmoilopsis sp., Reophax sp., and Rhabdammina sp.) and typical deep-sea Nereites ichnofacies recognized as Chondrites inchnospecies. Turbidity currents, debris flows and slumps are the main depositional processes in this formation. Close association of turbidites, debrites and slump deposits, with the abundance of conglomeratic facies suggest that the sediments were probably deposited by a combination of multiple canyon-fed submarine fans, slope-derived slumps and fans. The petrographic study showed that the submarine fans were fed by eroded sediments from pre-Middle Triassic sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks of eastern and central belts (Indosinia Block). As analogue to the subsurface geometry and characterization, the mass transport deposit is appropriate analogue for continental slope deposit which is laterally and vertically sealed by hemipelagic shales. The channelised turbidite sandstones provide good examples of deepwater distributary channels in basin floor fan giving good analogue of reservoir vertical connectivity and lateral continuity. The sheet turbidite sandstones in the formation are excellent analogue for middle to lower fan lobe depositional setting which laterally extensive giving important characteristics for effective EOR gas/chemical movement in reservoirs. In terms of potential geoheritage in Malaysia, the formation geoheritage values mainly for scientific research, education, reference and geo-tourism sites. The potential tangible geoheritage includes attractive deepwater sedimentary features such as mass transport deposits, channelised turbidite sandstones, unchannelised sheet-like geometry of turbidite sandstones, thick-bedded sandstones, linked-debrites, variety of deepwater ichno-fossils and foraminiferas. The interesting geological history and settings of the formation have good potential for intangible geoheritage. The scientific information in this paper will be useful to relevant authorities that share same goal in protecting geoheritage resources and may contribute to the enhancement of sustainable development in this region.,Certification of Master's/Doctoral Thesis' is not available,Master of Science
Pages:	137
Call Number:	QE471.H259 2015 tesis
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Institute for Environment and Development / Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI)

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