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Title:	Keberkesanan modul latihan saringan penglihatan dalam mengesan gangguan penglihatan oleh guru-guru Prasekolah di Kuala Lumpur dan Selangor
Authors:	Asma Ahida Binti Ahmad Zahidi (P49772)
Supervisor:	Rokiah Omar, Prof Madya Dr
Keywords:	Gangguan penglihatan Guru Prasekolah Optometry Dissertations Academic- Malaysia
Issue Date:	22-Oct-2013
Description:	Gangguan penglihatan yang tidak dikesan pada peringkat awal mengganggu perkembangan sosial dan mental seseorang kanak-kanak. Pengesanan awal dapat memberi prognosis rawatan yang lebih baik dan dapat dilakukan menerusi saringan penglihatan di peringkat prasekolah. Saringan penglihatan yang dilakukan oleh guru prasekolah dapat menjimatkan kos dan masa. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji keberkesanan modul latihan ujian saringan penglihatan yang dibentuk untuk guru-guru prasekolah dalam membaiki ketepatan pengesanan gangguan penglihatan di kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah. Tahap pengetahuan guru-guru prasekolah sebelum dan selepas diberi latihan dibandingkan. Kebolehpercayaan keputusan ujian saringan penglihatan ditentukan. Seramai 60 orang guru dari Tabika dan Taska KEMAS di Kuala Lumpur dan Selangor dipilih secara rawak dan dibahagikan kepada dua kumpulan iaitu Kumpulan Kajian dan Kumpulan Kawalan. Modul saringan penglihatan yang mengandungi modul pengajaran dan kit ujian saringan penglihatan direka bentuk. Kesemua guru prasekolah menduduki ujian bertulis tentang gangguan penglihatan dan ujian saringan penglihatan di kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah sebelum dan selepas diberi latihan. Kumpulan Kajian diberi latihan penuh saringan penglihatan manakala Kumpulan Kawalan diberi arahan ringkas sahaja. Setiap guru diminta menjalankan saringan penglihatan ke atas 15 orang kanak-kanak prasekolah berusia 4 hingga 6 tahun. Optometris terlatih kemudian mengulangi ujian saringan penglihatan ke atas kanak-kanak yang sama. Keputusan ujian bertulis menunjukkan tahap pengetahuan guru prasekolah tentang gangguan penglihatan dan ujian saringan penglihatan sebelum menerima latihan adalah sederhana iaitu skor berjumlah 54.38±11.64. Ujian t-berpasangan menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan bererti di antara keputusan ujian Kumpulan Kajian sebelum dan selepas menerima latihan (t=7.76, p<0.005). Tiada perbezaan bererti bagi keputusan ujian Kumpulan Kawalan (t=0.48, p=0.64). Hasil kajian menunjukkan nilai kesahan yang lebih tinggi bagi keputusan ujian saringan penglihatan guru-guru prasekolah Kumpulan Kajian (sensitiviti=67.7%, spesifisiti=97.4%) dibandingkan dengan guru-guru prasekolah Kumpulan Kawalan (sensitiviti=26.7%, spesifisiti=95.2%). Tahap persetujuan guru-guru prasekolah dari Kumpulan Kajian dan optometris adalah tinggi bagi kesemua ujian (AC1 ≥ 0.92). Manakala tahap persetujuan Kumpulan Kawalan adalah tinggi bagi pemerhatian luaran dan ujian Hirschberg (AC1≥0.95) tetapi lebih rendah bagi ujian akuiti visual (AC1=0.87). Kesimpulannya, modul latihan saringan penglihatan yang dibina untuk guru-guru prasekolah adalah berkesan dalam meningkatkan ketepatan guru-guru prasekolah untuk mengesan gangguan penglihatan pada kanak-kanak prasekolah dan membuat rujukan untuk pemeriksaan lanjutan dan rawatan. Ini boleh mengurangkan prevalens gangguan penglihatan di kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah di Malaysia dalam jangka masa panjang.,Vision impairments that are not detected at an early stage can affect the social and mental development of a child. Early detection can provide a better prognosis and can be done through vision screening at the preschool level. Vision screening that is conducted by preschool teachers can save cost and time. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of vision screening training module developed for preschool teachers in improving the reliability of detecting vision impairment among preschool children. Preschool teacher's level of knowledge before and after receiving training was compared. The reliability of the vision screening result was determined. A total of sixty preschool teachers from KEMAS Tabika's and Taska's from the Klang Valley area were randomly selected and divided into two groups i.e. Study Group and Control Group. A vision screening module consisting of a teaching module and vision screening kit was developed. All the preschool teachers were given a written test on vision impairment and vision screening among preschool children before and after training. The Study Group was given complete vision screening training whereas the control group was only given brief instructions. Each of the preschool teachers was asked to conduct vision screening on 15 preschool children aged 4 to 6 years old. Trained optometrist's then repeated the vision screening on the same children. The written test results showed that the preschool teachers knowledge on vision impairment and vision screening was only average with a score of 54.38±11.64. Paired t-test showed a significant difference in the tests results of the Study Group before and after receiving training (t=7.76, p<0.005). There was no significant difference in the test results of the Control Group (t = 0.48, p=0.64). The results showed that a higher validity of vision screening findings by the preschool teachers in the Study Group (sensitivity=67.7%, specificity=97.4%) compared to the Control Group (sensitivity=26.7%, specificity=95.2%). The level of agreement concurrence between the preschool teachers in the Study Group and the optometrist's was high for all tests (AC1≥0.92). Whereas the level of agreement for the Control Group was high for external observation and the Hirschberg's test (AC1≥0.95) but lower for visual acuity test (AC1=0.87). In conclusion, the vision screening training module developed for preschool teachers is effective in improving the reliability of detecting vision impairment in preschool children and to refer them for further examination and treatment. This will be able to reduce the prevalence of vision impairment among preschool children in Malaysia in the long term.,Master
Pages:	143
Call Number:	WW704 .A836k 2013 9 tesis
Publisher:	UKM, Kuala Lumpur
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Health Sciences / Fakulti Sains Kesihatan

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