Science and technology cooperation in the Pacific Rim: billateral and multilateral perspectives

Abstract

As science and technology becomes a commodity on the international market, economic forces have driven increased cooperative activity among scientists, producers and policy makers across national boundaries. In spite of the obstacles of restrictive trade policies, xenophobic foreign policies, and inadequate data, the economic benefits of cooperation in science and technology are motivating individual countries to seek ways to cooperate with each other. This paper examines some of the patterns of that cooperation in the Pacific Rim. Beginning with an historical perspective of the transfer of technology and ideas in the region , the paper will then present a framework for examining the issues of science and technology interaction. A matrix of interaction categorizes cooperative activity into four domains: business, domestic policy formation, development assistance, and international policy coordination. Woven into this matrix are three central issues which have emerged as legit motif of discussions of regional cooperation: the "brain drain" of highly skilled scientists, engineers and technicians; the parameters and recognition of intellectual property right; and the need for international policy coordinator. This interlocking grid of domains and issues will provide a reference point for the subsequent discussion of regional patterns of bilateral and multilateral cooperation. After considering some examples of regional interaction in human resource development, technology transfer and cooperative research and development which illustrate the issues outlined, the paper suggests an overview of existing and emerging trends.