Evaluation of the potential of J.cutcas seed crude extract for protecting seed rice in woven polypropylene bag against sitophilus zeamais (coleoptera: curculionidae)

Abstract

A study to evaluate the potential of J. curcas seed crude extract obtained by extraction with analytical grade acetone using a Soxhlet apparatus (acetone crude extract) and by traditional kneading method (water crude extract) was conducted for protecting rice in woven polypropylene bag against S. zeamais. The application of crude extract was carried out first by dipping woven bag on crude extract solution and second by mixing the crude extract with rice grain (as grain protectant). Deltamethrin and Annona muricata acetone seed crude extract were also used to compare the effectiveness of crude extract. The result by dipping woven polypropylene bag method showed that J. curcas and A. muricata acetone crude extract at 2.5 and 5 % (v/v) concentrations and deltamethrin 2.5 % were significantly effective to control S. zeamais because no progeny produced, and weight seed loss and seed rice damage observed. The J. curcas water crude extract at 2.5 % concentration was not effective because the number of progeny, weight seed loss and seed rice damage were not different significantly (646; 4.97 % and 94. 72%) with that of control (544; 3.85 and 93.95%), whereas J. curcas water crude extract at 5 % concentration showed moderate efficacy with number of progeny, weight seed loss and seed rice damaged were 286.67; 2.30 % and 92.54% respectively. However, the result of crude extract+ rice grain showed that the J. curcas acetone crude extract at 0.2 % (v/w) concentration and J. curcas water crude extract at 0.8 % concentration were also significantly effective in controlling S. zeamais as there was no progeny, weight loss and seed damaged observed until 5 months after application. A. muricata acetone crude extract at 0.2 % concentration showed moderate effect to control S. zeamais with progeny, weight seed loss and seed rice damage were 1094.2; 12.36 % and 64.51 % at 5 months after application. The effect of J. curcas water crude extract at 0.2 and 0.4 % concentrations and deltamethrin 0.25 ppm were not different significantly with that of contro/treatment in progeny of S. zeamais produced, and weight seed loss and percentage of seed rice damaged up to 5 months after application. Crude acetone seed extract ofJ. curcas seemed to have potential to control S. zeamais as application by dipping woven bag or mixing with rice grain but J. curcas water crude extract only seemed to effective if mixed with the rice grain