Ethnic representation and the electoral system

Abstract

Kinship and patronage, chance, force and elections, either separately or in various combinations, result in ruling elites. From independence, Malaysia has evolved a system of government based principally on elections. This relatively rare phenomena is a consequence of a number of factors crucial amongst which are the peculiarities of the electoral system itself. The system adopted and its operation even whilst distorting representation in favour of the indigenous population provide the requisite legitimacy. Unless Malay unity is seriously jeopardised the system will be ensured of its continuance. This paper, examines ethnic representation in the electoral system and identifies the aspects of the system which distort the political representation of the various communities. It discusses some implications of this phenomena and suggests that the continuation of the present system serves to both, forestall a total breakdown in ethnic relations as well as to preclude the enhancement of forces capable of achieving complete national unity.