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| DC Field | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | Othman Jaafar, Prof. Dr. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Ahmad Danboos (P65764) | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-10-11T02:29:10Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2023-10-11T02:29:10Z | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2020-08-26 | |
| dc.identifier.other | ukmvital:123332 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://ptsldigital.ukm.my/jspui/handle/123456789/487125 | - |
| dc.description | Iraq is one of the Middle East and North African countries (MENA region), which has historically been rich with its water resources. The country, for the first time in its long history, is facing a dire water crisis that is a consequence of the decrease in quantities of water that enters its borders via Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The supply and demand of water in Iraq were estimated to be 43 and 66.8 Billion Cubic Meters (BCM) respectively in 2015, while in 2025 they are expected to rise to around 17.61 and 77 BCM respectively. Based on several studies, it is estimated that the water shortage in Iraq in 2035 is approximated 44 BCM due to population growth. It is obvious that there is relatively big gap between water supply and demand at the present time and expected to increase dramatically in the future. In order to minimize such gap, different non-conventional water resources have been proposed to be analyzed for feasibility of alternate use. This study focused on evaluating and determining the amount of water that can be obtained from non-conventional water resources (NCWRs) such as rainwater harvesting (RWH), reuse of wastewater, reuse of drainage water, seawater desalination, produced water in oilfields, evaporation and groundwater. The advantages of using these NCWRs are e.g., reducing the water consumption from other conventional water resources (CWRs), provide a reliable supply of water regardless of weather conditions and reduce the pollution of water bodies (rivers, sea and groundwater). This study has been carried out to find the stringent, practical and quick measures to be taken to overcome the water resources problems within the Euphrates River Basin and to find the way to achieve optimal use of NCWRs. In this context, the Water Budget-Salt Balance Model (WBSBM) has been developed, applied and examined for the Euphrates River basin in order to compute the net water saving from non-conventional water resources. The WBSBM includes four different stages; the first is related to identify the required data that correspond to the conventional water resources in the study area. The second stage is to show the activities related to the water users. In the third stage is to identify the proposed non-conventional water resources projects which reflect the required data to develop the model. In the final stage shows the procedure for the computing of the net water saving while applying all the non-conventional water resources projects in the same time. In addition, several scenarios of different NCWRs alternatives have been evaluated in order to achieve the optimal utilization of the NCWRs. The results showed that potential of the NCWRs on individual base, e.g. RWH, wastewater, drainage water and groundwater can be used as parallel and continuing resources in addition to CWRs. The calculated amount of NCWRs in 2025 on individual bases will be 7.182 BCM in addition to the amount of the available CWRs which is estimated at about 8.45 BCM. For the year 2035 the amount provided by NCWRs will be 7.011 BCM. The amount provided by CWRs for 2035 is currently unpredictable. On the other hand, the results attained from WBSBM showed that the optimal collective net water saving potential from the study area are 6.823 and 6.626 BCM/year for the years 2025 and 2035, respectively. At the conclusion, the optimal potential net water saving has been computed for the Euphrates river basin in Iraq for the years 2025 and 2035 to minimize the water scarcity. In addition, the proposed WBSBM model could be considered as a successful and an effective method to examine different scenarios of utilizing NCWRs and to determine the optimal potential amounts of the net water saving that can be made available. Conceptually, WBSBM could be applied in different case studies world-wide, especially for arid and semi-arid regions that might currently or in future suffer water scarcity problem and the utilizations of the NCWRs are the only alternative to minimize the water scarcity.,Ph.D. | |
| dc.language.iso | eng | |
| dc.publisher | UKM, Bangi | |
| dc.relation | Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment / Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina | |
| dc.rights | UKM | |
| dc.subject | Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia -- Dissertations | |
| dc.subject | Dissertations, Academic -- Malaysia | |
| dc.subject | Water resources | |
| dc.title | Net potential of non-conventional water resources in the Euphrates River Basin, Iraq | |
| dc.type | Theses | |
| dc.format.pages | 168 | |
| dc.identifier.barcode | 005695(2021)(PL2) | |
| Appears in Collections: | Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment / Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina | |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ukmvital_123332+SOURCE1+SOURCE1.0.PDF Restricted Access | 750.14 kB | Adobe PDF |  View/Open |
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