Strategic framework to strengthen implementation of industrialised building system technology in affordable housing construction in Malaysia

Abstract

Adequate, decent, and affordable housing is a fundamental human right and a key element of policy intervention. Industrialised Building Systems (IBS) technology represents a significant advancement in construction, offering efficient, cost-effective, and high-quality solutions for housing development. Despite its potential, the adoption of IBS technology for affordable housing in Malaysia remains limited and has yet to achieve widespread implementation. Therefore, the objectives of the research are to identify factors affecting demand and supply for the provision of affordable housing in the context of sustainable development in Malaysia, evaluate the acceptance of IBS technology in affordable housing construction, and recommend a strategic framework to strengthen implementation to increase the use of IBS technology in sustainable and affordable housing projects. Two major methods are employed, content analysis and semi-structured interviews. The content of 15 national policies on housing, affordable housing and housing construction was analysed using Atlas.ti8 software, to identify factors affecting the demand and supply of affordable housing through. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 stakeholders involved in affordable housing construction projects using IBS technology to confirm the factors and determine priorities. Content analysis revealed 12 factors affecting the demand and supply of affordable housing based on textual policies documents. The highest frequency was associated with the factor of process and management (94), followed by policies and regulations (89), house price (66), housing quality (63), integration in technical requirements and planning (61), adoption of construction technology (55), housing site location (42), high construction cost (35), IBS technology (26), skilled construction workers (20), research on housing construction (15), and construction building material

(13). The relationship between the factors is very complex. Results from the semi- structured interview confirmed the factors. The factors were then clustered into four

priority themes. These are policies and institutions, management and processes, stakeholder engagement and technology adoption. The four clusters provide entry points for improving the acceptance of IBS technology in affordable housing construction. A strategic framework was proposed to strengthen the implementation of IBS technology, encompassing dimensions of policy and technology. In the context of policy, more comprehensive, well-informed and effective direction and government mandates, including monetary or non-monetary incentives, are required to support stakeholders, in addition to the evaluation of existing policies. IBS technology in affordable housing construction could be further strengthened through coordinated projects, the adoption of emerging technologies, and the promotion of continuous affordable housing initiatives. Choosing the right IBS system and procurement process is also crucial, especially for remote areas. Digital technology strategies, such as Building Information Modelling (BIM), can enhance cost estimation and variation to ensure that high-quality, affordable housing is delivered. All these measures would contribute to increased effectiveness, productivity and profitability. This study contributes to the betterment of the construction industry and housing sector by providing insights to enhance affordable housing through IBS technology.