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https://ptsldigital.ukm.my/jspui/handle/123456789/519588| Title: | Kepelbagaian, himpunan serta pengaruh sekitaran terhadap taburan foraminifera dan ostracoda bentik dalam sedimen sekitar delta Sungai Pahang, Malaysia |
| Authors: | Noraswana Nor Faiz (P63000) |
| Supervisor: | Ramlan bin Omar, Prof. Madya Dr. |
| Keywords: | ekologi Foraminifera Ecology. |
| Issue Date: | 15-Sep-2015 |
| Description: | Suatu kajian telah dijalankan bagi menentukan taburan dan himpunan foraminifera dan ostrakod bentik di dalam sedimen sekitar Delta Sungai Pahang, perbandingan spesies bagi merekodkan spesies yang baharu ditemui di kawasan kajian serta menafsir dan merumuskan hubungkait antara parameter persekitaran yang mempengaruhi taburannya. Sejumlah 66 stesen daripada enam garisan transek telah ditentukan sebagai kawasan pensampelan. Sebanyak 50,411 individu foraminifera yang terdiri daripada 30 famili, 50 genus dan 88 spesies telah ditemui di kawasan kajian. Kelimpahan foraminifera paling tinggi dicatatkan di stesen 9 (5,543 individu).Famili Hauerinidae mencatatkan kepelbagaian spesies paling tinggi dengan 26 spesies. Famili paling dominan ialah Amphisteginidae iaitu sebanyak 16,276 individu. Spesies yang paling dominan dan melimpah ialah Amphistegina lessonii (D= 18.43%) dan Amphistegina gibbosa (D= 14.32%). Indeks kepelbagaian spesies, H' yang dicatatkan adalah di antara 0.87-3.18. Manakala indeks kekayaan spesies, α adalah di antara 1.34-10.90 dan indeks kesamarataan, E pula adalah di antara 0.17-0.82. Bagi ostrakod pula, sebanyak 11,418 spesimen daripada 16 famili, 47 genus dan 77 spesies telah dijumpai di kawasan kajian. Kelimpahan ostrakod paling tinggi dicatatkan di stesen 9(2,148 spesimen). Famili Trachyleberididae mempunyai kepelbagaian spesies yang paling tinggi dengan 25 spesies dan juga adalah paling dominan dengan 3,798 spesimen. Phlyctenophora orientalis merupakan spesies yang paling dominan dan melimpah (D= 10.24%). Indeks kepelbagaian spesies, H' yang dicatatkan adalah diantara 0.64- 3.07. Manakala indeks kekayaan spesies, α adalah di antara 1.05-17.93 dan indeks kesamarataan, E pula adalah di antara 0.25-0.96. Analisis kluster R-mod yang dijalankan menunjukkan bahawa himpunan spesies-spesies foraminifera dan ostrakod bentik dapat dikelaskan berdasarkan jenis sedimen (lumpur, campuran pasir dan lodak, pasir) dan kedudukannya (muara, di antara muara dan laut, laut lepas). Beberapa parameter fiziko-kimia telah diukur iaitu suhu dengan nilai julat di antara 27.96-30.00°C, saliniti di antara 25.92-32.96 ppt, oksigen terlarut di antara 2.02-7.44mg/l, kedalaman di antara 4.87-25.91 m dan kandungan bahan organik di antara 1.67-6.39%. Tekstur sedimen di kawasan kajian boleh dikelaskan kepada lima kelas iaitu lumpur, lumpur berpasir, lodak berpasir, pasir berlodak dan pasir. Bagi logam berat,nilai julat bagi logam Pb ialah 1.094-22.906 μg/g, 0.011-0.185 μg/g bagi Cd, 1.102-13.938 μg/g bagi Cu, 3.271-30.610 μg/g bagi Cr, 0.361-5.833 μg/g bagi Co, 20.831-422.106 μg/g bagi Mn, 1.103-19.802 μg/g bagi Zn dan 0.842-15.192 μg/g bagi Ni.Hasil perbandingan spesies menunjukkan terdapat 15 spesies bagi foraminifera dan 11 spesies bagi ostrakod yang merupakan rekod baharu di kawasan perairan Malaysia. Analisis 'Canonical Correspondence' (CCA) menunjukkan taburan foraminifera dan ostrakod bentik di kawasan kajian adalah paling dipengaruhi oleh kedalaman dan jenis sedimen. Analisis korelasi Pearson menunjukkan Ammonia beccarii yang merupakan spesies toleran terhadap perubahan persekitaran berkorelasi secara positif dengan perbezaan bererti terhadap logam Pb, Zn, Mn dan Cu.,A study was conducted to determine the distribution and assemblages of benthic foraminifera and ostracods in sediment around Pahang River Delta, species comparison to record the new species found in the study area and to interpret and summerize the relationship between environmental parameters that influence the distribution. A total of 66 stations from six transects were determined as sampling areas. A total of 50,411 individuals belonging to 30 families, 50 genera and 88 species of foraminifera were found in the study area. The highest abundance of foraminifera was recorded at station 9 (5,543 individuals). Family Hauerinidae has the highest specific diversity with 26 species. The most dominant family is Amphisteginidae with 16,276 individuals. The most abundant and dominant species is Amphistegina lessonii(D= 18.43%) and Amphistegina gibbosa (D= 14.32%). Index of species diversity, H(s)was recorded is between 0.87-3.18. While, index of species richness, α is between 1.34-10.90 and index of evenness, E is between 0.17-0.82. For ostracod, a total of 11,418 specimens from 16 families, 47 genera and 77 species were found in the study area. The highest abundance of ostracod was recorded at station 9 (2,148 specimens).Family Trachyleberididae has the highest specific diversity with 25 species recorded and the most dominant family with 3,798 spesimens. Phlyctenophora orientalis is the most abundant and dominant species (D= 10.24%). Index of species diversity, H(s)was recorded is between 0.64- 3.07. While, index of species richness, α is between 1.05-17.93 and index of evenness, E is between 0.25-0.96. R-mode cluster analysis showed that the assemblages of benthic foraminifera and ostracod can be classified based on sediment types (mud, mix of sand and silt, sand) and their locations (estuary,from estuary to the sea, open sea). Several physico-chemical parameters were measured such as temperature with range value 27.96-30.00°C, salinity is between 25.92-32.96 ppt, dissolved oxygen is between 2.02-9.83 mg/l, depth is between 4.87-25.91m and organic matter content is between 1.67-6.39%. The sediment texture in the study area can be categorized into five classes i.e mud, sandy mud, sandy silt, silty sand and sand. For heavy metals, the range value of Pb is 1.094-22.906 μg/g, Cd with 0.011-0.185 μg/g, Cu with 1.102-13.938 μg/g, Cr with 3.271-30.610 μg/g, Co with 0.361-5.833 μg/g, Mn with 20.831-422.106 μg/g, Zn with 1.103-19.802 μg/g and Ni with 0.842-15.192 μg/g. The result of species comparison showed that 15 species of foraminifera and 11 species of ostracod are new record to the Malaysian waters. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that the distribution of benthic foraminifera and ostracod in the study area was influenced by depth and type of sediment. Pearson correlation analysis showed that Ammonia beccarii which is the tolerant species to the environmental changes have positive correlation and significant with Pb, Zn, Mn and Cu.,Phd |
| Pages: | 296 |
| Call Number: | QL368.F6N647 2015 tesis |
| Publisher: | UKM, Bangi |
| Appears in Collections: | Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi |
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