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Title:	Study of selected metals (Pb, Zn. Cd, Cu, As, Ni, Cr and Fe) in water, sediment and fish of Juru River, Penang Malaysia
Authors:	Idriss Abdossalam I Abdullah (P52169)
Supervisor:	Ahmad Abas Kutty, Associate Professor Dr.
Keywords:	Heavy metals-Environmental aspects.
Issue Date:	May-2015
Description:	Study of lead, zinc, cadmium, copper, arsenic, nickel, chromium and ferrous accumulation in water, sediment and fish from Juru River was undertaken for 1-year period. Twenty sites along the river were chosen for water and sediment collection and fish were caught randomly along the river stretch. Fish and water samples were collected at four different occasions during a year from December 2009 to November, 2010, while sediment samples were collected only twice i.e,: December 2009 and August 2010. For comparison purposes, river stretch was separated into three different zones (estuary, middle and upstream zones). Sampling and analysis protocols were undertaken according to American Public Health Association (APHA) standard method. Heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment and fish were detected using an inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). Result indicates that Cd, Cu, As and Cr in water were recorded at highest concentration in estuary zone with mean concentrations 0.18±0.06 µg/L, 5.06±1.20 µg/L, 4.26±0.45 µg/L, 4.70±2.80 µg/L respectively. Middle zone has highest Pb, Zn, Ni and Fe with mean values 1.46±0.20 µg/L, 60.32±6 µg/L, 18.78±4.11 µg/L, 1339.56±718.35 µg/L respectively. From four sequential fractions namely exchangeable, acid reduction, oxidation and residual fraction, all metals were found highest in the residual fraction except for Zn which was slightly higher in anthropogenic fractions (50.39%). Within the nonresidual fractions, the organic matter fraction contains much higher than other fractions especially for Cu and Cr, with more than 74.13% and 84.62% respectively of total non-resistant fractions. The total mean pH values of sediment were ranged from 3.96 to 6.59 and the value recorded from zone 1 to zone 3 is 4.76. About 50% of sediment had grain size less than 63 μm diameter and majority were within the estuary zone. The organic matter of the sediment was recorded at low concentration and ranged from 7 to 14% at most of the sites. The sediments and waters of Juru River are clean of contamination from metals. No part of Juru River and at any time of the years was polluted with such pollutants. The present study has been carried out on the edible part (tissue) of 15 different fish species belonging to nine demersal Plotosus canius, Valamugil cunnesius, Sillago chondropus, Psammoperca waigiensis, Cynoglossus bilineatus, Platycephalus indicus, Nemapteryx caelatus, Valamugil seheli, Monopterus albus; two shellfish Anadara granosa and Perna viridis; four pelagic Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis mossambicus, Megalops cyprinoides, Lobotes surinamensis. Results indicate that shell/cockle Anadara granosa had the highest metal concentrations for Pb (1.37±0.20 µg/g d.wt.), Zn (93.78±9.88 µg/g d.wt.), Cd (0.38±0.04 µg/g d.wt.), Cu (5.93±0.51 µg/g d.wt.) and Fe (101.48±12.35 µg/g d.wt.). As, Ni and Cr were detected at the highest concentration in Nemapteryx caelatus, Lobotes surinamensis and Sillago chondropus at 0.69±0.07 µg/g d.wt., 1.46±0.12 µg/g d.wt. and 1.09±0.24 µg/g d.wt. respectively. The second highest concentrations of Zn, Cd and Cr were also recorded in green-lipped mussels ( Perna viridis). All metals were detected lower than the maximum permissible limit as recommended by international and national standards for food and human health except for Fe in Anadara granosa with a mean of 101.48 µg/g dry weight. Health risk estimation using fish indicates that hazard index was < 1.00, which means that consuming fishes from the Juru River does not pose a health risk to the natives,Ph.D
Pages:	164
Call Number:	QH545.H42 I338 2015
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

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