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Title:	Kajian taksonomi dan ekologi ke atas kompleks Litsea (Lauraceae) di Semenanjung Malaysia
Authors:	Shamsul Khamis (P34443)
Supervisor:	Mohd. Nizam Mohd Said, Profesor Madya Dr.
Keywords:	Lauraceae Taksonomi dan ekologi Lauraceae - Malaysia
Issue Date:	27-May-2014
Description:	Kajian taksonomi dan ekologi Kompleks Litsea di Semenanjung Malaysia telah dijalankan dengan jayanya. Kajian taksonomi ini memerihalkan keraguan yang wujud antara genus Lindera Thunb., Litsea Lamk dan Neolitsea Merr. di dalam Kompleks Litsea menerusi cerapan morfologi pertumbuhan, struktur anatomi daun dan struktur debunga. Sejumlah 69 spesies dan 15 varieti daripada 861 koleksi spesimen herbarium di KEP, KLU, UKMB dan SING telah disemak dan diperhatikan. Huraian keseluruhan bagi mencari pengesahan terhadap batasan genus telah berjaya dilakukan. Ciri taksonomi yang bernilai bagi pengelasan adalah peruratan daun, penonjolan jambak bunga, kelopak involuker, stamen dan staminod, lokul anter dan pembentukan kupul. Dendrogram yang dihasilkan melalui analisis numerikal juga berjaya membuktikan genus Lindera Thunb., Litsea Lamk. dan Neolitsea Merr. kekal sebagai genus semulajadi. Kajian anatomi daun juga berjaya membuktikan ciri perbezaan antara genus berdasarkan bentuk berkas vaskular, kehadiran sel brakisklereid, sel sklerenkima, sel mesofil palisad dan stomata. Juga, kajian ini telah berjaya melaporkan buat pertama kali bahawa terdapat beberapa variasi bentuk berkas vaskular selain bentuk U yang dilaporkan oleh kajian terdahulu. Pemerhatian ke atas debunga menunjukan debunga adalah sub-speroid dengan saiz antara 76.2-118.9 μm, dan dikelaskan kepada lima jenis iaitu oblat-speroid, suboblat-speroid, prolat-speroid, subprolat-speroid dan oblat/prolat-speroid. Bagaimanapun, rumusan daripada pemerhatian debunga tidak berjaya mewujudkan satu bukti kukuh bagi membezakan antara genus. Kajian ekologi pula melihat taburan spesies Kompleks Litsea di pelbagai jenis habitat hutan di Semenanjung Malaysia serta menentukan perhubungan spesies dengan ciri tanah. Sejumlah 37 spesies daripada 786 individu Kompleks Litsea telah berjaya direkodkan di 13 lokasi kajian terpilih. Analisis Kesepadanan Berkanonik (Canonical Correspondence Analysis, CCA) telah diguna bagi menilai hubungkait komuniti spesies Kompleks Litsea dengan ciri tanah. Kajian mendapati ciri fizik dan kimia tanah adalah berbeza bagi setiap habitat hutan yang berbeza. Ini seterusnya memperlihatkan taburan spesies Kompleks Litsea adalah berkait dengan ciri-ciri tanah tertentu yang digambarkan melalui ordinasi CCA. Antaranya termasuklah Litsea artocarpifolia Gamble, Litsea maingayi Hook.f. dan Neolitsea villosa (Blume) Merr. yang berasosiasi dengan nitrat nitrogen (NO3-N); Litsea tomentosa Blume dan Litsea erectinervia Kosterm. mempunyai perkaitan dengan kation kalium (K+); dan Litsea johorensis Gamble pula kelihatan berasosiasi dengan kation natrium (Na+). Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini telah berjaya memerihalkan dengan terperinci ciri-ciri morfologi pertumbuhan dan struktur anatomi daun bagi menambah baik maklumat kekompleksan taksonomi, dan taburan spesies Kompleks Litsea di Semenanjung Malaysia yang menunjukan dipengaruhi oleh ciri tanah di habitat hutan yang berbeza.,Taxonomic and ecological studies of Litsea Complex in Peninsular Malaysia have been carried out successfully. This taxonomic study describes genus doubts exist in Lindera Thunb., Litsea Lamk and Neolitsea Merr. of Litsea Complex through observation of the morphological growth, leaf anatomical characteristics and pollen structure. A total of 69 species and 15 varieties from 861 collections of herbarium specimens obtained from KEP, KLU, UKMB dan SING were checked and observed. Overall description to confirm genus limitation had been successfully conducted. Taxonomic features that are value for classification are leaves venation, forms of inflorescence, stamens and staminodes, anther locules and cupules. A dendrogram was generated through the numerical analysis to prove the genus Lindera Thunb., Litsea Lamk and Neolitsea Merr. remain as natural genus. Anatomical study of leaves also successfully demonstrated differences between the genera based on the form of vascular bundles, the presence of brachysclereid, sclerenchyma cells, mesophyll palisade cells and types of stomata. Also, the study was able to report for the first time that there were some variant forms of vascular bundles in addition to the U form reported in previous studies. Observation on pollen shows that the pollen is sub-spheroidal with size 76.2-118.9 μm, and is classified into five types, namely, oblate-spheroidal, sub oblate-spheroidal, prolate-spheroidal, subprolate-spheroidal and oblate/prolate-spheroidal. However, summary of the pollen observations did not provide strong evidence to discriminate between genera. Ecological studies were conducted to determine distribution of Litsea Complex species in different forest types of Peninsular Malaysia, and also to examine association of Litsea Complex with soil properties. A total of 37 species of 786 Litsea Complex individuals was successfully recorded in 13 selected areas. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was employed to determine relationships between species of Litsea Complex and the edaphic features. The study indicates that the soil physics and chemical properties are varied between forest habitats. This in turn displays the distribution of Litsea Complex species are related to the soil characteristics as illustrated by the CCA ordination. Among them include Litsea artocarpifolia Gamble, Litsea maingayi Hook.f. and Neolitsea villosa (Blume) Merr. that associated with nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N); Litsea tomentosa Blume and Litsea erectinervia Kosterm. had an association with the potassium ion (K+); and Litsea johorensis Gamble was associated with sodium ion (Na+). Overall, this study has successful described the characteristics of the growths morphology and the anatomical structure of leaves for improving taxonomic complexity information, and species distribution of Litsea Complex in Peninsular Malaysia shows the influenced of soil factors in different forest habitats.,PhD
Pages:	294
Call Number:	QK495.L375S534 2014 tesis
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

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