1. UKM Learning and Research Repository
2. PHD Thesis / Tesis PHD
3. Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan

Title:	The Impacts Of Anthropogenic Activities On Groundwater Pollution In Derna Region, Libya
Authors:	Jumma Arhouma Jumma Elgali (P54740)
Supervisor:	Mohd Ekhwan Toriman, Professor Dr.
Keywords:	Impacts Of Anthropogenic Activities Anthropogenic Activities On Groundwater Pollution Groundwater Pollution Because Of Anthropogenic Activities Groundwater-Pollution
Issue Date:	5-Sep-2013
Description:	In Libya, groundwater is the main source of fresh water. The lack of water reduces the ability to maintain quality, especially if there are multiple sources of pollution. The study aims to provide information on the spatial characteristics of groundwater quality in Derna Region, northeastern part of Libya. Specifically, the study focuses on identifying the key factors that lead to groundwater contamination, its suitability for human consumption and the spatial distribution of groundwater contamination. Thirtyone water samples were collected and analyzed namely PH, EC, TDS, T.H, Ca++, Mg++, Fe, NH4, C1, NO2, PO4 and E. coli. Chi square, one-way ANOVA and regression analyses were employed to analyze the statistical data gathered from the stratified relative sampling carried out within the study area. The Geographical Information system (GIS) technique was employed as a tool to produce maps for the spatial distribution of groundwater quality. Pollution status was calculated and compared with Water Quality Index (WQI) as recognized by the Water General Authority in Libya. The results showed that the sewage overflow, waste accumulation, pesticides and fertilizer were the most sources of groundwater pollution based on the result of the analysis, where 67% (n= 450) of the population confirmed that there is an overflow of sewage, and 65% (n = 450) have noticed waste accumulation. On the other hand, the study has shown that more than two third (66%) of farmers have used pesticides and fertilizers. Chi square has shown an association between the mentioned sources and water quality changes. One-way ANOVA indicated that there is a difference in average of E. coli counts between the region’s sections. Al-Belad had the highest average of E. coli count (50counts/100 cm3) mainly due to highest population density with worn out sewer system. The ANOVA analysis indicated that (P. Value = 0.814). TDS, T.H, Cl and E. coli have exceeded the permissible level in several samples, and their values were 8000 mg/l, 1700 mg/l, 1140 mg/l and 100 germs per 100 cm3, respectively. GIS zonation maps of groundwater quality parameters indicated that most of the high values of parameters are concentrated in the northern and northwestern parts of the region, where there is an increase in population density and urban development. The WQI values of groundwater ranged from 20.63 to 100 %, and revealed that 14.3% were absolutely clean water (Class Ia), 64.3%were slightly polluted water (Class Ib ) and 21.4% very polluted water (Class IIIa&b), as referred to the water quality index in Libya. The derived Multivariate Linear Regression (MLR) of determination (R2) is 0.914 which means that 91% of variance in the dependent variable (WQI) are explained by the set of predictors (WQ parameters). MLR showed that the WQI was found to be inversely correlated with most of the water-quality parameters (77.8%) which indicates an increase in water quality when the concentration of the water parameters decline.,PhD
Pages:	212
Call Number:	TD426 .E438 2013
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan

Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.