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Title:	Development Of A Non-Cement Binder Using Pozzolans With Chemical Activators
Authors:	Md. Rezaul Karim (P54854)
Supervisor:	Muhammad Fauzi Mohd Zain, Professor Dr.
Keywords:	Development Of A Non-Cement Binder Non-Cement Binder Using Pozzolans Non-Cement Binder With Chemical Activators Concrete--Additives
Issue Date:	9-Jun-2013
Description:	Cement is one of the essential ingredients for the production of concrete. However, huge quantity of natural stones and fuel energy are consumed for manufacturing cement. In addition to this, enormous volume of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) is emitted which is accountable for 7% of total emission globally. These have necessitated developing sustainable binder for concrete construction. On the other hand, large quantities of pozzolanic wastes such as slag, fly ash (FA), rice husk ash (RHA) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA) are generated in the world regularly. In spite of their technical significance, most of these wastes are usually disposed into the environment without any salvage value, and thus, pollution occurs. Utilization of those wastes as partial replacement of cement has been observed in many studies during the last few decades. Therefore, the aim of this research is to develop a non-cement binder (NCB), as 100% replacement of cement, using these pozzolanic materials by mechanochemical (grinding of materials and utilization of chemical) activation technique. To produce NCB, twelve different mix proportions of slag, POFA/FA, and RHA were designed based on experimental trials and literature review. Physical properties, fineness, chemical composition, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) of raw material, NCB and OPC were determined. To activate those pozzolans, chemical activators such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide were used separately by: (i) 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% weight of NCB and (ii) molar concentrated solution by same values. Paste of NCB was tested for ensuring normal consistency and for setting time in comparison to that of OPC. Mortars of NCB and OPC were tested for flow, compressive and flexural strength, XRD, SEM, Fourier transform infrared, water absorption, porosity, chloride penetration, corrosion, sulphate and thermal resistance. Test results revealed that normal consistency increased while the setting time and flow decreased compared to that of OPC. However, it depends on mixed proportions of NCB, especially on the RHA content. Strength development of NCB is slower at early age while it is reasonable after 7 days and beyond. Compressive strength of some of the NCB mortars exhibited satisfactory results but some of the mixes of NCB mortars were found less. Strength of mortar is greatly influenced by mixed proportion, grinding of materials and activator content and/or its types. NCB4 (42% slag, 28% POFA and 30% RHA) with 5% NaOH achieved best compressive strength of 40.68 MPa in water curing on the 28th day. Water absorption of same NCB4 was 8.1% while OPC was shown 6.4% after 28 days. Porosity of NCB4 and OPC mortar was found to be 16.3% and 13.4%, respectively at 28 days of curing age. Chloride penetration of NCB4 and OPC had 11.2 and 10.1 mm, respectively, on the 28 day of testing time. Losses in compressive strength of NCB4 and OPC mortar were obtained 12.6% and 14.1% when immersed in 5% magnesium sulphate solution after 30 days. Corrosion and thermal resistance (heated at 700°C for two hours) of NCB mortar were found excellent, more than double, as compared to OPC mortar. Therefore, depending on the experimental test results it can be concluded that development of a NCB using slag, POFA/FA, and RHA should be possible with chemical activator. As cement substitute, NCB may be used as sustainable binder in the near future. NCB could contribute in reducing cement demand, declining CO2 emission rate and pollution due to consumption of mentioned wastes.,PhD
Pages:	191
Call Number:	TA434 .M837 2013 3
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment / Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina

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