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2. PHD Thesis / Tesis PHD
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Title:	Development of hybrid energy harvester for autonomous wireless sensor network components used in enviromental parameter profiling
Authors:	A.S.M. Mukter-Uz-Zaman (P49876)
Supervisor:	Nowshad Amin, Professor Dr.
Keywords:	Development Hybrid energy harvester Autonomous wireless sensor network Enviromental parameter profiling Wireless sensor networks
Issue Date:	13-Dec-2012
Description:	Profiling environmental parameter using a large number of spatially distributed Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) components is an extensive illustration of advance modern technologies. But high power requirement for WSN components limits the widespread deployment of these technologies. Currently, WSN components are extensively powered up using batteries. But battery has limitation of lifetime, power density and environmental concerns. Thus, it incurs huge maintenance cost and for remote and inaccessible areas battery replacement is simply impossible. To overcome this issue, researchers around the globe are performing substantial research work to harvest energy from the ambient source of the deployed WSN components. Solar has been identified as a viable source of energy to be harvested for autonomous WSN components. In this research work, besides Solar Based Energy Harvester (SBEH), a novel Chemical Based Energy Harvester (CBEH) is invented as the potential secondary source for harvesting energy because of its uninterrupted availability. By integrating both SBEH and CBEH, a Hybrid Energy Harvester (HEH) is developed to power up WSN components. However, this research work starts by investigating the power requirements for WSN components. It is found that a WSN Node operates at active mode for 99.88% of the duty cycle which can transmit 10 sensed signals per day to the adjacent WSN Router by consuming 0.457 mA-hr current and a WSN Router requires 5.71 mA-hr current to perform its operation. Now, a storage having 800 mA-h capability can support a WSN Node for 2.4 months and a Router for only 0.19 months of operation, which justify the importance of the energy harvester development. In the next stage, CBEH is developed which includes exploration of the best metal electrode. Later, the effect of ambient oxygen, electrolytes, and temperature on the performance of the CBEH is investigated and optimized. From all the analysis for CBEH, it is found that 8 serially connected cells (with 2 cm × 4 cm size) are capable of producing a perpetual 48.048 mW of power as well as being suitable for integration. On the other side, for SBEH, a silicon based fabrication process is established and developed cells are thoroughly characterized which shows 4 serially connected solar cells (each having 2 cm × 4 cm size) are capable of producing a maximum power of 314 mW. Later, an energy harvesting and power management circuitry is developed. Before validating the performance of HEH, the integration possibility of HEH along with circuitry and storage in a single platform is investigated using Radio Frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering of Molybdenum. Furthermore, for the in-house macro sized WSN components, a robust buoy is implemented. This research works ends by validating the energy flow through the sub-components of the entire system. In one day of operation, Node and Router consume 1044.9 J (equivalent to 0.29 Wh) and 2159.1 J (equivalent to 0.59 Wh ) of energy of which 883.8 J (equivalent to 0.25 Wh) is used for Node and 1147.2 J (equivalent to 0.32 Wh) for Router which come from the storage. However, besides supporting the daily operation of WSN Node and Router, the developed HEH is capable of producing a surplus of 971 mA-hr equivalent energy to be stored inside the storage for Node and 528.24 mA-hr equivalent energy for Router, which is significantly enough for perpetual operation of autonomous WSN components used in environmental parameter profiling. Besides environmental parameter profiling, HEH can be used for autonomous WSN deployment into many application areas, in particular, in the area of disaster alarming, forest fire control, military surveillance, and biomedical applications.,Ph.D
Pages:	149
Call Number:	TK7872.D48.M855 2012 3
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment / Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina

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