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https://ptsldigital.ukm.my/jspui/handle/123456789/457637Full metadata record
| DC Field | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | Abu Bakar Mohamad, Prof. Dr. | - |
| dc.contributor.author | Wan Hasnidah Wan Osman (P49159) | - |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-09-12T09:11:39Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2023-09-12T09:11:39Z | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2013-02-28 | - |
| dc.identifier.other | ukmvital:84826 | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://ptsldigital.ukm.my/jspui/handle/123456789/457637 | - |
| dc.description | Industri kilang kertas merupakan salah satu pengguna air yang terbanyak dan menghasilkan air sisa yang mengandungi pelbagai sebatian toksik. Salah satu sebatian toksik yang terhasil daripada kilang kertas merupakan sebatian organik berhalogen terjerap (AOX) atau juga dikenali sebagai sebatian klorofenol. Sebatian ini terhasil daripada tindakbalas sisa lignin kayu dan bahan peluntur untuk menghasilkan kertas yang lebih putih. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menyingkirkan COD dan sebatian AOX yang terdapat di dalam air sisa kilang kertas menggunakan teknologi gabungan biologi dan penjerapan iaitu reaktor biofilem sesekumpul berjujukan-karbon teraktif bergranul (GAC-SBBR). Kajian ini mempunyai tiga objektif yang utama iaitu (1) menentukan pertumbuhan dan mengenalpasti mikrob efektif AOX; (2) menentukan prestasi kebolehrawatan GAC-SBBR untuk menyingkirkan COD dan AOX dari air sisa kilang kertas dan; (3) mengoptimumkan parameter pengoperasian untuk mendapatkan kecekpakan penyingkiran COD dan AOX yang maksiumum. Bagi proses penyesuaiikliman mikrob daripada kultur campuran kilang kertas, terdapat empat pencilan bakteria yang dominan di dalam reaktor yang berpotensi untuk membiodegradasi serta menyingkirkan sebatian AOX. Kajian prestasi reaktor GACSBBR terhadap air sisa sebenar kilang kertas dimulakan dengan kadar suapan organik (OLR) yang rendah dan kemudiannya ditingkatkan secara berperingkat dan masa penahanan hidraulik (HRT) juga diubah sepanjang kajian. Untuk OLR rendah (150- 720 mg COD/L/hari), HRT selama 24 jam menghasilkan penyingkiran COD sebanyak 89-99%. Manakala bagi OLR yang tinggi (900-1200 mg COD/L/hari), HRT selama 48 jam diperlukan bagi meningkatkan prestasi reaktor yang mana kecekapan penyingkiran COD mencapai nilai 90-94%. Bagi mengekalkan kembali HRT 24 jam bagi reaktor ini, kajian terhadap kesan nisbah nutrien telah dijalankan. Hasil daripada kajian yang telah dijalankan pada nisbah C:N:P iaitu 100:5:1 mendapati bahawa kecekapan penyingkiran COD dan AOX masing-masing adalah setinggi 91 dan 100%. Kajian ini diteruskan dengan HRT dipendekkan kepada 12 dan 8 jam dan didapati bahawa kecekapan penyingkiran COD dan AOX masing-masing adalah 87 dan 50% (bagi HRT 12 jam) dan 53 dan 26% (bagi HRT 8 jam). Bagi pertumbuhan mikrob di dalam reaktor, kajian kinetik proses yang menggunakan persamaan Monod telah memberikan nilai-nilai pemalar pertumbuhan μm, Ks, Kd, dan Y masing-masing iaitu 0.06 hari-1, 4.79 g/m3, 0018 hari-1, 0.4026 g/g. Bagi kajian proses biofilem pula, model matematik Saez dan Rittmann digunakan untuk mendapatkan nilai fluks substrat ke dalam biofilem, J iaitu 532.32 kg/m2.hari dan ketebalan biofilem, Lf iaitu 2.58 mm. Proses pengoptimuman parameter pengoperasian seperti HRT, OLR (PCP), pH dan kadar pengudaraan (AR) dijalankan dengan menggunakan Kaedah Faktorial Dua Peringkat (2LF) dan Kaedah Sambutan Permukaan (RSM). Kaedah 2LF digunakan bertujuan untuk menyenaraipendek parameter yang bakal digunakan. Kajian diteruskan dengan mengoptimumkan parameter bagi mendapatkan prestasi yang terbaik bagi GAC-SBBR dengan hanya mengambil kira kesan HRT dan OLR sahaja terhadap penyingkiran COD. Hasil daripada proses pengoptimuman ini, penyingkiran COD yang maksimum adalah sebanyak 90.33% dapat dicapai pada HRT 21.7 jam dan OLR 0.19 mg PCP/L/hari. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa GAC-SBBR hasil gabungan proses penjerapan dan biologi telah dapat merawat air sisa kilang kertas sebenar yang mengandungi kepekatan COD dan AOX yang tinggi secara serentak.,Paper mill industry is one of the largest water consumption industries discharging variety of toxic compounds generated for the paper manufacturing process. One of the most toxic compounds is the Adsorbable Organic Halides (AOX), also known as chlorophenol compounds. Chlorophenol is formed from the reaction between waste lignin and bleaching chemicals used during the bleaching process to produce white paper product. The aim of this study is to remove COD and AOX compounds produced by paper mill waste water using combined biological and adsorption technology of Granular Activated Carbon-Sequencing Biofilm Batch Reactor (GACSBBR). This study had three main objectives, namely (1) acclimatization study and identification of the effective AOX microbial; (2) to determine the performance of GAC-SBBR to remove COD and AOX from paper mill wastewater and; (3) to optimize the operating parameters in order to get the maximum COD and AOX removal efficiencies. For the acclimatization process of the bacteria from the recycled paper mill mixed culture, the four microbial bacteria were selected to be the potential to reduce the COD and AOX. On the performance study of the GAC-SBBR, the adaptation of the microbes on paper mill effluent began with the low organic loading rate (OLR) and later was gradually increased, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was also adjusted over the period of this study. For the low OLR (150-720 mg COD/L/day), the HRT of 24 h resulted in the removal efficiency of COD up to 89- 99%. However, for the high OLR (900-1200 mg COD/L/day), the HRT of 48 h is required to improve the removal performance with efficiency reaches up to 90-94%. By maintaining the HRT of 24 h, the study of the effects of nutrient ratios were carried out. The C:N:P of 100:5:1 resulted in the removal efficiency of COD and AOX to be 91 and 100% respectively. Upon shortening the HRT to 12 and 8 h, the removal efficiencies of the COD and AOX were found decrease to 87 and 50% (for HRT 12 h) and 53 and 26% (for HRT 8 h) respectively. For the microbial growth in the reactor, the growth kinetic study parameters, μm, Ks, Kd, and Y using the Monod’s equation were 0.06 d-1, 4.79 g/m3, 0018 d-1, 0.4026 g/g, respectively. For the biofilm modelling study, the Saez and Rittmann mathematical model was used to obtain the substrate flux into the biofilm, J is 532.32 kg/m2.day and the thickness of the biofilm, Lf is 2.58 mm. Optimization of the process parameters such as HRT, OLR (PCP), pH and aeration rate (AR) was carried out using the 2-Level factorial (2LF) analysis and the response surface methodology (RSM). The 2LF was used to shortlist the parameters to be used for the optimization process. Studies were conducted to optimize the process parameters to get the best performance of the GAC-SBBR by considering only the effects of HRT and OLR only. The findings show that at HRT of 21.7 h and OLR of 0.19 mg PCP/L/day, the maximum removal efficiency of COD was 90.33%. This study shows that the GAC-SBBR result of a combination of adsorption and biological processes was able to treat the real paper mill wastewater containing high concentrations of COD and AOX simultaneously.,Master/Sarjana | - |
| dc.language.iso | may | - |
| dc.publisher | UKM, Bangi | - |
| dc.relation | Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment / Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina | - |
| dc.rights | UKM | - |
| dc.subject | industri kertas | - |
| dc.subject | Wood-pulp industry | - |
| dc.subject | Waste disposal | - |
| dc.title | Penyingkiran COD dan sebatian organik berhalogen terjerap (AOX) dari air sisa kilang kertas kitar semula melalui proses biologi | - |
| dc.type | theses | - |
| dc.format.pages | 200 | - |
| dc.identifier.callno | TD899.W65W343 2013 3 tesis | - |
| dc.identifier.barcode | 002111 | - |
| Appears in Collections: | Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment / Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina | |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ukmvital_84826+SOURCE1+SOURCE1.1.PDF Restricted Access | 2.57 MB | Adobe PDF |  View/Open |
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