https://ptsldigital.ukm.my/jspui/handle/123456789/388954 2026-04-26T05:09:04Z 2026-04-26T05:09:04Z Muhammad Yudhi Rezaldi (P81308) https://ptsldigital.ukm.my/jspui/handle/123456789/781714 2025-12-09T08:05:27Z 2020-10-12T00:00:00Z

Title: Aesthetics 3D geovisualization model for flood disaster using overlap XYZ coordinate Authors: Muhammad Yudhi Rezaldi (P81308) Abstract: Floods are a common type of natural disaster, which are as a result of global warming and are amongst the most harmful to people and property. Prior awareness and information supply to the community is required to reduce the negative impacts of floods. One way to overcome this problem is by providing a community with education media that can help in delivering the disaster information. 2D and 3D geovisualization techniques have been used in flood modeling to convey flood disaster information. However, visual results stemming from such techniques are still unsatisfactory. This study has applied the aesthetic values of the elements to produce 3D geovisualizations which seem more realistic. 3D geovisualization software such as ArcGIS is capable of producing format files that are compatible with multimedia software, which can be used to add aesthetic value to the visualizations. In the study, the geovisualization process was performed by transforming spatial data into visuals using ArcMap. The results of the visuals were then combined with other spatial data using ArcScene. To make the visuals of 3D geovisualization appear more realistic, 3D object mapping methods were implemented using photogrammetry techniques that were produced from aerial photos using drones. The 3D geovisualization was combined by an overlapping method of XYZ coordinates with Cinema 4D software. The modeling results of overlapping XYZ coordinates were further refined by re-modeling and adding aesthetic parameters using several multimedia software. In conducting the experiment of developing the prototype in this study, data from the flood that had occurred in Jambi city in year 2013 was used as the sample data. The prototype was used to evaluate the proposed Aesthetic 3D Geovisualization Model to introduce the aesthetic value in building the realistic 3D geovisualization visuals. In the stage of evaluation, a questionnaire was developed and a survey using it was conducted, to evaluate the success of the Aesthetics 3D Geovisualization Model in delivering the information of flood disaster for a community education program. A total of 100 respondents comprising of visual communication designers were involved in the questionnaire, where they were required to compare three geovisualized 3D samples using non-probability sampling. The evaluation results showed that 84.6% of the respondents chose Aesthetic 3D Geovisualization to produce the flood models which could be used to convey flood disaster information. The reliability statistics table from validation shows that Cronbach's Alpha value is 0.935, which is significant enough to validate that the usage of aesthetic parameters in disaster information media for flood modeling is able to make the visualization of flood modeling more realistic and preferable by respondents. Moreover, the information is more communicative in conveying visual cues and is also easily understood and accepted by the audience. Therefore, the Aesthetic 3D Geovisualization Model is highly recommended to be used to convey information about floods. The contribution of this study is the production of visualizations based on spatial and non-spatial data that have applied aesthetic values by an overlapping method of XYZ coordinates, thereby creating a new concept of multimedia design through storyboards, by adding some aesthetic value. The method of overlapping XYZ coordinates is new for geology, limnology, and for finding formulations for creating flood height animations based on data in the multimedia field. Description: Full-text

2020-10-12T00:00:00Z Yasuki Shima (P81310) https://ptsldigital.ukm.my/jspui/handle/123456789/781712 2025-12-09T08:02:25Z 2020-01-30T00:00:00Z

Title: Optimization of public transport bus scheduling using kmeans and genetic algorithm Authors: Yasuki Shima (P81310) Abstract: Along with economic growth in the developing countries, the population of urban areas is increasing tremendously. Alongside this, the public transport bus service is expected to develop with the growth of urbanization. For that reason, optimization of the scheduling of public transport such as public buses is an important task in the operation of public transport. In scheduling public transport operations, it is difficult to plan for optimal service provision that can apply to different travel areas, time zones, cycle frequency, and scheduling of vehicles and crew. Basically, public transport design consists of four plans: network design, timetabling, vehicle scheduling, and crew scheduling. The timetabling is important in those plans for financial reasons as well as meeting passenger demand for a reliable service. Several methods have been proposed to deal with the task of public transport scheduling. For example, some research has been conducted to shorten the waiting time of passengers and to review cycles in areas where there are few passengers, but these still could not meet the passenger demand. Therefore, providing the optimum scheduling of public transport, designed accurately according to the demand, is a means to shorten the waiting time of passengers and eliminate useless bus cycles. This research started with investigating and clustering the time zones by using K-means based on the collected GPS data of public buses. The GPS data was processed to produce three attributes known as “Time”, “Volume” and “Quality”. Then, a genetic algorithm was implemented to optimize the public transport scheduling. The result of the experiment shows that the proposed optimization method increases the frequency of bus cycles during peak passenger hours in some time zones and conversely reduces the frequency of bus cycles for low passenger hours. The proposed method is able to both optimize the financial benefit and meet passenger demand. The result of the experiments shows that the proposed method is better than existing methods, increasing by about 30% the optimization accuracy. The dataset for the experiments used was GPS Public Bus in Okinawa, Japan. Description: Full-text

2020-01-30T00:00:00Z Hasniaty A (P59422) https://ptsldigital.ukm.my/jspui/handle/123456789/781710 2025-12-09T07:58:18Z 2019-09-30T00:00:00Z

Title: Simulation of power transfer and loss allocation based on kron reduction method in deregulated power system Authors: Hasniaty A (P59422) Abstract: Recently in the privatization era, some countries adopt deregulated power system to increase efficiency and quality of the service through competition among the power industry participants. Previously, electricity supply industry (ESI) was regulated as monopoly power market where generation, transmission and distribution were solely own by electric state company. Deregulated power system, emerged new wholesale power market, with many independent power producer (IPP). Whilst the transmission remain monopoly due to its nature offers a nondiscriminatory open access to all user. The efficient transmission usage charges which can fit all parties is difficult to implement, it must recover the transmission cost by allocating the cost to transmission users properly. The transmission usage allocation is fundamental to determined an efficient transmission usage charges. The non linier nature of flow of electricity makes it difficult to calculate a precise transmission usage allocation. The transmission usage allocation can be determined by allocating the power transfer and the power losses from individual generator to the system loads. The simulation development of fair and transparent power allocation and loss allocation with many transactions taking place at any time has been an active topic of research. This thesis suggests a simulation with an improvement of the conventional method based on proportional sharing principle to allocate the active and reactive power contribution of individual generators to the system load and losses. The simulation algorithm calculates the real and reactive power allocation based on current operating point of the system, computed through AC load flow program. The proposed active and reactive power allocation methodology adopts current tracing, instead of power tracing. Based on solved load flow and the network parameters, the method converts power injections and line flows into real and imaginary current injections and flows. These currents are then represented independently as real and imaginary current networks. In addition, the equivalent model of transmission line is improved and embedded in the tracing procedure. This study will take into account of shunt admittances that give significant effect in reactive power flow in the system. Then the method utilizes kron reduction technique to minimize the size of the admittance matrix. The reduced admittance matrix named Y-kron matrix used to calculate the real and reactive power of individual generator contribution at each buses. In order to trace the active and reactive power simultaneously in a faster manner, an intelligent approach is proposed: the hybridization of optimization technique and machine learning approach. In this research, Genetic Algorithm and Support Vector Machine (GA-SVM) are integrated into the tracing methodology to determine the power contribution from generators to line losses and loads with good accuracy, which is up to 99% The advantages of the proposed methodologies are demonstrated on commonly used test systems and actual TNB equivalent systems, i.e. southern region 25-bus systems of the peninsular of Malaysia. The proposed methodologies provide better reliability and minimize the limitations of conventional real and reactive power allocation and loss allocation methods. Description: Full-text

2019-09-30T00:00:00Z Abdul Sattar (P93253) https://ptsldigital.ukm.my/jspui/handle/123456789/781683 2025-12-09T04:17:33Z 2021-10-05T00:00:00Z

Title: Ontology-based knowledge sharing for waste management domain Authors: Abdul Sattar (P93253) Abstract: Effective knowledge management and sharing are required for each domain, and for this purpose, ontologies have been used for many years as a prominent conceptual tool. Like other areas, Waste Management (WM) requires ontology for knowledge management and sharing. This research proposes a domain ontology as a conceptual model that can assist WM departments and other stakeholders in improving knowledge management and sharing. Prior to this research, the development of ontology in the WM domain was focused on capturing and representing the static knowledge or endurants of the domain, with less focus on the dynamic knowledge or perdurants of the domain. Furthermore, WM is the domain of interlocking institutional worlds (IWs) in which modeling of perdurants, is central for modeling the endurants. This research aims to design and develop a domain ontology for WM, namely, OntoWM, for representing the waste collection sub-domain that needs to address both the endurant and the perdurant aspects. Additionally, this ontology can be used as the basis for facilitating Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based applications. OntoWM domain ontology was designed and developed based on a philosophically grounded upper-level ontology, namely, Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO) and a Design & Engineering Methodology for Organizations (DEMO) methodology, rooted in the concept of IWs and grounded in a Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM). Finally, this study presents an evaluation of OntoWM using a Framework for Evaluation in Design Science (FEDS) with techniques such as evaluation using meta-properties, criteria-based evaluation, application-based evaluation, automated consistency checking using a reasoner, verification using an ontology debugger, verification using an ontology pitfall scanner (Oops), and validation using competency questions (CQs). The evaluation results illustrated that the proposed ontology can be effectively used as a conceptual model to structure and represent both endurant and perdurant aspects, which can be shared among participating organizations. Description: Full-text

2021-10-05T00:00:00Z