Variation choices in Chetti language

Abstract

This sociolinguistic study delves into the variation choices within the Chetti community, a minority group in Melaka, with a focus on phonological variations. While prior research on the Chetti community has primarily explored language attitudes, this study aims to bridge the gap by conducting a detailed micro-sociolinguistic analysis of phonological variables and their correlation with social factors such as age, gender, and social class. Data collection involved interviews with 37 respondents from households in Kampung Chetti. Statistical analyses, including non-parametric tests and index scores, were employed to examine the significant differences in phonological variations and its relationship with social variables. Results indicate notable phonological variations in the Chetti language, particularly in the use of the variable (a) in final word position and the variable (r) in initial, medial, and final word position. The younger generation demonstrates a preference for [ə] variant over [a] variant in formal speech contexts, while older speakers tend to favour [a] variant. Additionally, the influence of Tamil ethnolect is evident in the pronunciation of variable (r), with Chetti speakers predominantly utilising the alveolar trill variant [r]. Social factors such as age, social class, and gender also influence phonological variations, although to varying degrees. This study contributes to the understanding of language change and maintenance within minority communities, shedding light on the complex interplay between linguistic, social, and cultural factors. The findings indicate a nuanced negotiation of identity within the Chetti community, as they navigate between Malay and Indian cultural spheres. This research underscores the importance of considering phonological variations in sociolinguistic studies, particularly in minority language contexts, and provides insights into the ongoing changes in the Chetti language. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the micro-sociolinguistics of the Chetti community, offering a comprehensive analysis of phonological variations and their social correlates. It contributes to the broader literature on language variation and change, highlighting the dynamic nature of language use within multicultural societies.