Tahlil al-mafahim al-iqtisadiyah fi al-Islam bi-istikhdam al-manhajiyyah al-maqasidiyah

Abstract

Studies that discuss the relationship between maqasid sharia and Islamic economics have developed from discussions on maqasid sharia theory and Islamic economic principles to maqasid methodology. Although studies on Islamic economics related to maqasid sharia have been carried out, existing studies do not use the maqasid methodology, which includes five stages, namely objectives, tadabur revelation, maqasid framework, critical studies and formative theory. Apart from being expected to be able to integrate the dimensions of normative economics and positive economics, the maqasid methodology also helps develop economic concepts in Islam which do not only rely on modifications of conventional economics, but also utilize a non-modified approach by adopting sources of knowledge originating from revelation as central Islamic knowledge. This study aims to study the relationship between maqasid sharia and economic concepts in Islam and to analyze economic concepts based on the maqasid framework. In addition, this study also analyzes the settlement of issues regarding theory-building Islamic economics based on the maqasid methodology. This study is qualitative by choosing the maqasid methodology as the study approach. It used document analysis and semi-structured interviews for the data collection process. The documents analyzed in this study are the Koran, hadith, classic Islamic books, and articles related to maqasid sharia and Islamic economic. This study involved six experts in maqasid sharia and Islamic economics as informants. The data analysis is carried out thematically and descriptively. The study results show that maqasid sharia is the primary goal of economic concepts in Islam. It contains four strategic roles: maqasid sharia as a vision in overcoming economic problems, maqasid sharia as the choice of motives for economic agents, maqasid sharia as the principle of managing wealth ownership and maqasid sharia as a method of thinking in making economic decisions. The study results also show that the economic concepts contains seven elements of the maqasid framework: objectives, concepts, groups, universal laws, values, proofs and commands. In addition, the study results also show that maqasid methodology can resolve issues regarding theory-building Islamic economics. Theory-building Islamic economics based on the maqasid methodology makes it possible to unify approaches that have been considered contradictory, namely the modified approach and the non-modified approach of conventional economics. The results of this study have important implications for society, especially the Muslim community, namely providing clear directions for academics and practitioners in understanding and implementing an Islamic economic oriented towards achieving maqasid sharia. This study also recommends further research using the maqasid methodology to formulate and evaluate Islamic economic theory in the future.