Ferrite based nanoparticles synthesized and characterized flexible microwave substrate for multiband wireless applications

Abstract

Flexible substrate materials with tunable electromagnetic properties are attractive to researchers in modern microwave technology for designing flexible multiband wireless applications like antennas and metamaterials (MTM). The problem addressed in this thesis is the need for advanced and versatile microwave substrates, as current limitations in ferrite-based nanoparticle synthesis and characterization hinder the development of flexible substrates for multiband wireless applications. The motivation behind this research stems from the inherent limitations of existing microwave substrates and the potential benefits offered by ferrite-based nanoparticles. This research is aimed to synthesize and characterize ferrite-based nanoparticles to develop new flexible microwave substrate materials which can be affordable for

manipulating electromagnetic properties. Firstly, a single negative (SNG) Stove- shaped metamaterial is developed on MgxZn(1-x)Fe2O4 ferrite-based flexible substrate.

The synthesized Mg-Zn ferrite material substrate flexible exhibited maximum 90° bending stability when compared with different conventional substrate materials of Rogers RO3003, Rogers RO4835 LoPro, and FR-4 lossy. The structural, morphological, electromagnetic, and dielectric properties of the proposed MgxZn(1- x)Fe2O4 are investigated. The proposed flexible substrate-based MTM structure can be a potential candidate for wireless communications in the S and C bands. Secondly, an Ox Wheels-shaped (OWS) metamaterial absorber is designed on CaxCo(0.90- x)Al.10.Fe2O4 nanoparticle-based flexible substrate. The structural, morphological, electromagnetic, and dielectric properties of the proposed CaxCo(0.90-x)Al.10.Fe2O4 are investigated. This specific resonance frequency reached the highest 99.61%, 98.03%, and 98.79% absorption, which covers the S, C, and X bands. Finally, a Drone-shaped SNG metamaterial is designed on CaxCo(.9-x)Zn.01Fe2O4-based flexible substrate to investigate the effective parameters for microwave applications. The raw materials are taken according to the chemical formula of CaxCo(.9-x)Zn.01Fe2O4, where X=25%, X=50%, and X=75%, respectively. The structural, morphological, electromagnetic, and dielectric properties of the proposed CaxCo(.9-x)Zn.01Fe2O4 are investigated. The Drone-shaped SNG metamaterial covers S, C, and X band frequency ranges. This study investigated three different materials MgxZn(1-x)Fe2O4, CaxCo(0.90-x)Al.10.Fe2O4, and CaxCo(.9-x)Zn.01Fe2O4 then metamaterials unit cell is fabricated on it for experimental verification through a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The dielectric assessment kit assessed the produced samples' loss tangents and dielectric constant values (Schmid & Partner Engineering AG, SPEAG, and DAK 3.5). The results ensure that the ferrite nanoparticle-based flexible microwave substrate offers tunable electromagnetic properties and is suitable for developing metamaterials for flexible microwave technology.