1. UKM Learning and Research Repository
2. PHD Thesis / Tesis PHD
3. Institute of Climate Change / Institut Perubahan Iklim

Title:	Economic analysis of vulnerability and climate change adaptation : a case study of Selangor coast
Authors:	Sofia Ehsan (P80047)
Supervisor:	Rawshan Ara Begum, Assoc. Prof. Dr.
Keywords:	Climate change Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia -- Dissertations Dissertations, Academic -- Malaysia
Issue Date:	21-Jun-2021
Description:	Without effective adaptation measures, climate change such as rising sea levels and accelerated intensity of storm surge, coastal flooding, and erosion inevitably aggravate and endanger the low lying coastal areas. Economic analysis of climate change is essential to facilitate decision making and development of adaptation strategies at local level towards coastal community resilience and sustainable development of coastal areas. Therefore this study aims to conduct an economic analysis of climate change vulnerability and adaptation. The study is based on mixed method using both quantitative and qualitative data. Ten selected coastal areas in Kuala Langat, Kuala Selangor and Sabak Bernam districts representative of the Selangor coast, Malaysia with historical high erosion rate were surveyed through face-to-face interviews at the household level (n=1016) using structured questionnaires. This study attempted to evaluate vulnerability mapping of the coastal areas due to climate change using an integrative framework from three dimensions: exposure (E) to coastal hazards, sensitivity (S) due to demographic, socio-economic and structural characteristics and adaptive capacity (AC) relating to available assets and adaptation behaviour to cope with climate change impacts. The results showed that about 96% of all sampled households had moderate exposure and 4% of them had high exposure to climate change. All of the households exhibited moderate sensitivity. Low adaptive capacity was observed among the majority (76%). Composite vulnerability indices indicated that eight coastal areas (84% of households) are highly vulnerable and two coastal areas (16% of households) are moderate vulnerable to climate change. The high vulnerability was attributed to high exposure to shoreline erosion, high risk perception, limited income, vulnerable housing structures and lack of financial capital. For measuring economic benefit of adaptation measures, contingent valuation method was employed in order to determine the households willingness to pay (WTP) for planned adaptation and binomial and ordinal regressions were performed to identify the factors influencing the WTP. Households (66.9%) are willing to pay for planned adaptation despite the limited income capabilities. Prior exposure of coastal hazard, higher awareness of impact, higher risk perception and community participation most significantly influence the probability of WTP for planned adaptation. A significant amount of perceived yearly adaptation benefits revealed the economic value of full (RM22,969.50), moderate (RM21,853.20) and minimal (RM8,022.90) adaptation program that can be utilised to incentivise coastal adaptation plan. The valuation of residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural properties and mangrove resources were estimated based on market value and benefit transfer method and COAST damage assessment tool was utilized for inundation and flooding simulation and estimation of economic costs at Kuala Selangor, Kuala Langat and Sabak Bernam coastlines for IPCC projected Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios. In year 2100, the cumulative damages are estimated at RM42.9 million for Kuala Selangor, RM33.1 million for Sabak Bernam, and RM2.02 million for Kuala Langat coastline (RCP 8.5). Findings highlight the need to promote financial equity, community awareness and effective adaptation policies which can be an important component of Malaysia's national response to formulate and implement National Adaptation Plan for tackling climate change. Further study can explore on estimating the direct and indirect benefits and costs of adaptation measures to select economically viable option for these vulnerable coastal areas. This study can also be extended to other low-lying coastal areas within and beyond Malaysia.,Ph.D
Pages:	319
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Institute of Climate Change / Institut Perubahan Iklim

Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.