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Title:	The effect of work-family conflict on women's physical and psychological health : the mediating roles of job and family satisfaction, and health related behaviors
Authors:	Sanaz Aazami (P59620)
Supervisor:	Khadijah Shamsuddin, Professor Dr
Keywords:	Work-family conflict Women's physical and psychological health Public health
Issue Date:	8-Apr-2014
Description:	Status kesihatan wanita di tempat kerja adalah perkara penting yang dipengaruhi secara langsung ataupun secara tidak langsung oleh pelbagai factor. Konflik kerja-keluarga dalam penyelidikan sering dikaitkan dengan kesan beberapa kesan kesihatan seperti tekanan psikologi dan kurang status kesihatan fizikal. Konflik kerja-keluarga mempunyai empat dimensi iaitu konflik berdasarkan tekanan dan konflik berdasarkan masa bagi kerja yang mempengaruhi keluarga (WIF) dan keluarga yang mempengaruhi kerja (FIW). Konflik kerja-keluarga boleh mengubah tingkahlaku yang berkaitan dengan kesihatan, dan lama- kelamaan memberi kesan terhadap kesihatan psikologi dan fizikal melalui hubungan tidak langsung tingkahlaku terpilih yang berkaitan dengan kesihatan. Tingkahlaku yang dikaji adalah kepuasan kerja dan keluarga, strategi daya tindak tingkahlaku, aktiviti fizikal, merokok dan strategi daya tindak pemilihan makanan. Dengan itu, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk meneliti kesan langsung empat dimensi konflik kerja-keluarga ke atas status kesihatan psikologi serta fizikal wanita bekerja dan menilai peranan pengantara tingkahlaku kesihatan terpilih dalam hubungan tersebut. Satu kajian keratan rentas telah dilakukan terhadap 567 wanita bekerja yang di pilih secara rawak dari agensi-agensi kerajaan di negeri Selangor dan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Data telah dikumpul menggunakan borang soal-selidik isi sendiri dalam tempoh 8 bulan dari Ogos 2012 hingga Mac 2013. Data telah dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 21 dan peranan perantara tingkahlaku kesihatan telah ditaksir melalui analisis Regresi Linear Pelbagai Hierarki. Analisis korelasi bi-variat menunjukkan bahawa tekanan psikologi secara signifikan berhubungkait denganWIFt (r = 0.22, p = <0.001), WIFs (r = 0.32, p = <0.001), FIWt (r = 0.23 p = <0.001) dan FIWs (r = 0.27, p = <0.001). Hasil analisis mengantara menunjukkan bahawa kesan tidak langsung WIFt ke atas tekanan psikologi diantara secara signifikan oleh kepuasan keluarga dan kerja, strategi daya tindak adaptif/maladaptif dan strategi daya tindak pilihan makanan. Kesan tidak langsung WIFs ke atas tekanan psikologi diantara secara signifikan oleh strategi daya tindak adaptif /maladaptif, kepuasan keluarga dan strategi daya tindak maladaptif. Walaubagaimanapun faktor-faktor yang menghubungkan dimensi FIWt dan FIWs secara tidak langsung dengan tekanan psikologi adalah sama dan termasuk strategi daya tindak maladaptif, kepuasan keluarga dan kerja serta strategi daya tindak pilihan makanan. Bagi status kesihatan fizikal, terdapat hubungkait secara signifikan dan negatif dengan WIF (r = -0.22, p = 0.000), WIFs (r = -0.36, p = 0.000), FIWt (r = -0.16, p = 0.000) dan FIWs (r = -0.18, p = 0.000). Hasil analisis pengantara menunjukkan bahawa faktor-faktor yang mengantara kesan WIFt ke atas kesihatan fizikal secara signifikan adalah strategi daya tindak adaptif, kepuasan keluarga/kerja dan strategi daya tindak pilihan makanan. Kesan tidak langsung WIFs ke atas kesihatan fizikal diantara secara signifikan oleh strategi daya tindak adaptif, strategi daya tindak maladaptif, kepuasan kerja/keluarga dan strategi daya tindak pilihan makanan. Faktor-faktor yang mengantara impak FIWt dan FIWs ke atas kesihatan fizikal pula adalah kepuasan kerja/keluarga dan strategi daya tindak pilihan makanan. Selepas mengambilkira kesan faktor pengantaraan, WIFs telah menunjukkan impak terbesar terhadap kedua-dua kesan kesihatan yang dikaji. Kesimpulannya, hasil kajian ini menunjukkan status kesihatan psikologi dan fizikal pekerja wanita dipengaruhi oleh pengalaman konflik kerja-keluarga mereka. Tambahan pula, konflik kerja-keluarga boleh memberi kesan tidak langsung terhadap status kesihatan melalui peranan tingkahlaku berkaitan kesihatan terpilih. Hasil ini menyokong tindakan intervensi berkombinasi organisasi yang disasarkan untuk memperbaiki status kepuasan kerja dan keluarga, memberi latihan untuk membantu individu mengenalpasti dan menggunakan strategi-strategi daya tindak adaptif, dan menyediakan persekitaran mesra keluarga at tempat kerja akan mengurangkan konflik kerja-keluarga dan meningkatkan status kesihatan. vi,Health status of women in the workplace is an important concern which is affected directly and indirectly by a variety of reasons. Work-family conflict in research is often associated with several health consequences such as psychological distress and poor physical health status. Work-family conflict have four dimensions in this study, namely strain-based and time-based work-interference into family (WIF) and family interference into work (FIW). Work-family conflict can change health-related behaviors and eventually affect psychological and physical health through the indirect relationship of selected health related behaviors. The behaviors studied were job satisfaction, family satisfaction, behavioral coping strategies, physical activity, smoking and food choices coping strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find out the direct effect of the four dimensions of work-family conflict on both psychological and physical health status of employed women and to assess the mediating role of the selected health related behaviors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 567 working women randomly recruited from government agencies in the state of Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Data were collected using self-administrated questionnaires during a period of 8 months from August 2012 to March 2013. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21 and the mediating role of selected health-related behavior was assessed through Hierarchical Multiple Linear regression analysis. The bi-variate correlation analysis indicated that psychological distress is significantly associated with weight (r = 0.22, p = <0.001), WIFs (r = 0.32 p = <0.001), FIWt (r = 0.23, p = <0.001) and FIWs (r = 0.27 p = <0.001). The result of mediational analysis showed that the indirect effect of WIFt on psychological distress is significantly mediated by family and job satisfaction, adaptive and maladaptive coping and food choices coping strategies. With regards to the indirect effect of WIFs on psychological distress, it is significantly mediated by adaptive/maladaptive coping strategy, job/family satisfaction and food choices coping strategy. On the other hand, the factors indirectly linking FIWt and FIWs dimensions with psychological distress were similar and include maladaptive coping strategy, family satisfaction, job satisfaction and food choices coping strategy. These variables explained 28% to 30% of the variance in psychological distress. For physical health status we found it to be significant and negatively association with WIF (r = -0.22, p = <0.001), WIFs (r = -0.36 p = <0.001), FIWt (r = -0.16, p = <0.001) and FIWs (r = -0.18, p = <0.001). The results of mediational analysis revealed that factors which significantly mediate the effect of WIFt on physical health are adaptive coping strategy, family/job satisfaction and food choices coping strategy. The indirect effect of WIFs on physical health is significantly mediated by adaptive coping strategy, maladaptive coping strategy, job/family satisfaction and food choices coping strategy. Factors that significantly mediate the impact of FIWt and FIWs on physical health are job/family satisfaction and food choices coping strategy. These variables explained 20% to 25% of the variance in physical health. After taking the mediating factors into account, WIFs was found to have the strongest impact on both health outcomes studied. In conclusion, finding from this study showed that the health status of female employees can be directly affected by their work-family conflict experiences. In addition, work-family conflict can indirectly affect health status via the role of selected health related behaviors. These findings support the combination of organizational interventions targeted at improving levels of job and family satisfaction, training courses to help individuals identify and enforce use of adaptive coping strategies, and providing family-friendly environment at the workplace which can reduce work-family conflict and improve the health status.,PhD
Pages:	247
Call Number:	tesis WA20.5.A111e 2014 9HUKM
Publisher:	UKM, Kuala Lumpur
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Medicine / Fakulti Perubatan

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