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Title:	Counter-terrorism measures and the violation of fundamental liberties
Authors:	Behnam Rastegari (P54346)
Supervisor:	Rohaida Nordin, Dr.
Keywords:	Counter-terrorism Liberties Dissertations Academic
Issue Date:	15-May-2014
Description:	Sejak sekian lama, keganasan telah dianggap sebagai ancaman terhadap keselamatan dalaman sesebuah masyarakat, namun ancaman keganasan terhadap keamanan dan keselamatan global merupakan satu fenomena baru. Tinjauan terhadap sejarah politik kontemporari telah mendedahkan bahawa walaupun serangan pengganas telah digunakan secara lazim, namun serangan pada tanggal 11 September 2001 di Amerika Syarikat telah mendorong kepada tindak balas antarabangsa terhadap ancaman pengganas. Selaras dengan pengisytiharan "peperangan terhadap keganasan" oleh Amerika Syarikat, banyak negara telah melaksanakan langkah-langkah memerangi keganasan yang bertentangan dengan nilai hak asasi manusia. Kajian ini meninjau pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang timbul akibat langkah-langkah memerangi keganasan yang telah digunakan untuk menghalang keganasan daripada berterusan selepas serangan pada 11 September 2001. Kajian ini menggunakan jenis penyelidikan penjelasan (explanatory), praktikal dan kriteria normatif dalam menyampaikan kajian kritikal ini. Di samping itu, ia dijalankan dengan menggunakan pendekatan secara teori dan doktrinal bagi menentukan kerangka undang-undang yang bersesuaian untuk mencegah keganasan menurut piawaian undang-undang antarabangsa. Kajian mengenai keganasan perlu dilakukan secara interdisiplin yang melibatkan kajian dari perspektif undang-undang serta politik. Oleh itu, definisi keganasan akan dikaji dari pelbagai perspektif secara teori. Kajian ini akan mengkaji langkah-langkah memerangi keganasan menurut piawaian dan norma-norma dibawah undang-undang antarabangsa. Kajian ini akan melihat kepada cara dan metod yang digunakan untuk memerangi keganasan tersebut. Kajian ini akan mengkaji kesan langkah-langkah pencegahan keganasan terhadap elemen-elemen tertentu dibawah Undang-Undang Hak Asasi Manusia Antarabangsa yang terdedah kepada risiko perlanggaran hak yang besar, termasuklah hak untuk hidup, hak ke atas intergriti fizikal, moral dan mental, hak untuk dibicara dengan adil, hak untuk privasi dan hak untuk kebebasan dan keselamatan. Salah satu dapatan utama kajian ini adalah kekurangan persetujuan terhadap definisi keganasan oleh masyarakat antarabangsa telah menjadi punca kepada salah laku dalam langkah-langkah memerangi keganasan. Akhir sekali, kajian ini akan membuat rumusan mengenai suatu kerangka yang terbaik yang dapat menyeimbangkan secara efektif obligasi untuk memastikan keselamatan negara dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia dalam usaha masyarakat antarabangsa memerangi keganasan.,For a long time, terrorism has been considered a challenge to the domestic security of societies; however terrorism being considered as a threat to global peace and security is a new phenomenon. A review of contemporary political history demonstrates that, while terrorist attacks have been frequently employed throughout history, the September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States of America resulted in an international reaction to terrorist threats. Corresponding to the United States government' declaration of global "war against terrorism", many States have implemented counter-terrorism measures that seriously undermine international human rights values. The present research explores human rights violations that arise due to counter-terrorism measures utilized to deter terrorism following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The current study employs explanatory, practical and normative criteria in a critical study of counter-terrorism measures. Furthermore, the present study provides a theoretical and doctrinal basis to determine a proportional legal framework for counter-terrorism measures under contemporary international human rights standards. The need for interdisciplinary research into the issue of terrorism studies prompts the investigation of the issue from both the political science and legal perspectives. As a result, the definition of terrorism is analyzed in light of various theoretical perspectives, it further considers counter-terrorism in accordance with international legal standards and norms, with a principal focus upon the ambit of counter-terrorism measures; and the means and methods employed in pursuit of the objective of such measures. The present study examines the impact of counter-terrorism measures on specific elements of international human rights that are at the greatest risk of abuse in light of contemporary counter-terrorism measures, including the right to life; the right to right to freed from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; the right to a fair trial; the right to privacy; and the right to liberty and security. One of the principal findings of this research is that the lack of consensus regarding a common and comprehensive universal definition of terrorism within the international community provides a foundation for the commission of wrongful acts as a result of counter-terrorism measures. Finally, the study concludes by determining a framework that effectively balances the obligations to ensure security and protect human rights in the international fight against terrorism.,PhD
Pages:	415
Call Number:	tesis C19 .BEH 2014 2
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Law / Fakulti Undang-undang

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