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Title:	Effects of condensed tannin supplement on growth performance and meat quality of two selected breeds of sheep from Saudi Arabia
Authors:	Hamad Suliman Al-Jobeili (P52456)
Supervisor:	Abdul Salam Babji, Prof. Dr.
Keywords:	Commercial tannins Sheep breeds Carcass characteristics Dissertations, Academic -- Malaysia Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia -- Dissertations
Issue Date:	18-Nov-2014
Description:	This study was carried out at the Agricultural Research Station of Qassim niversity, Saudi Arabia to study the feeding lambs on commercial tannins. Forty eight male lambs (12 wk old; 20 ± 2.0 kg LBW) from two local sheep breeds {Najidi (NJ) and Noami (NO)} were used in the study. The animals were randomly allocated into four treatment groups (6 animals/group within a breed). A commercial tannin; contained 75% (w/w) of condensed tannins (CT) in dry matter DM was used in this study. Lambs were fed alfalfa hay and barely grains contains QT at levels of 0 (control), 1, 2 and 3% DM in four diets (T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively). The effective levels of CT in DM of these treatment groups were 0, 0.75, 1.5 and 2.25 % (w/w), respectively. The mixture of alfalfa hay, barley grains and QT was mechanically pelleted. The basal diet (T0) was 70% alfalfa hay and 30% barely grains. Dietary crude protein CP was content of the diet 14.9, 14.6, 14.5 and 14.4%, respectively. Lambs were fed on the experimental diets for 120 days to determine growth performance parameters including; total feed intake of dry matter (TDMI), total gain (TG), average daily gain (ADG), relative gain (RG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Results showed that TDMI/120 days was higher in NJ than NO (P<0.05), while RG and FCR were better in NO than NJ (P<0.05). Lambs fed with T2 showed the highest TG and ADG and the best FCR (P<0.05). These finding for enhancing ADG and TG due to feeding T2 might be attributed to the adverse effect of CT on reducing the ED of N in the rumen and subsequently increased the N flow to be utilized in small intestine. To determine in vitro rumen nitrogen (N) of degraded organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). 16 animals were slaughtered (4 animal per each treatment) to collect rumen content. The results showed that effective degradability (ED) of DM, N and NDF content decreased by increasing the dietary QT level up to 2% (P<0.05). To determine carcass characteristics, meat quality and blood protein metabolites, representative three lambs from each group were slaughtered. The results revealed that breed differences in carcass characteristics (P<0.05), being better in NO than in NJ lambs. Only dry matter content in thigh meat increased in NJ than in NO lambs (29.84 vs. 29.04%) (P<0.05). However, CP content was slightly higher in NJ than in NO breed (44.59 vs. 43.66%). Ultimate pH value was higher in NO than in NJ meat (6.3 vs. 6.22) (P<0.05). Concentrations of plasma total proteins, albumin and globulins were significantly higher in NO than in NJ lambs (6.64, 5.39 and 1.34 vs. 5.97, 4.85 and 1.13 g/dL) (P<0.05). The results also revealed that sensory attributes including odor, taste, texture, color, acceptability, juiciness and appearance were better in NO than in NJ lamb (P<0.05). Only meat juiciness was highest at inclusion of 2% QT in diets of lambs and lowest with 1% QT. Sensory quality were better in NO than in NJ lamb meat. Meat juiciness was the highest in T2 lambs and the lowest in T1 lambs. In conclusion TDMI was higher (P<0.05) in Najidi than Noami. Lambs fed dietary 2% QT showed the highest (P<0.05). Panel characteristics were better for Noami than Najidi lamb. Effective degradability of DM, CP and NDF decreased (P<0.05) by elevation of dietary QT level up to 2%. There were breed differences (P<0.05) in carcass characteristics, being better in Noami than Najidi lambs. Only dry matter content in thigh meat increased (P<0.05) in Najidi than in Noami breed.,Kajian telah dijalankan di pusat agrikultur Universiti Qassim, Arab Saudi untuk mengkaji kesan pemberian tanin komersial; Quebracho tanin (QT).terhadap kambing biri-biri. Empat puluh lapan (48) biri-biri jantan (12 minngu; 20 ± 2.0 kg LBW) dari baka {Najidi (NJ) dan Noami (NO)} telah digunakan dalam kajian ini. Spesis-spesis berkenaan telah dibahagikan secara rawak kepada empat kumpulan (6 haiwan / kumpulan dalam baka). Tanin komersial; Quebracho tanin (QT) dengan 75% (w / w) tannin Ringkas (CT), DM digunakan. Kambing biri-biri diberi makan jerami alfalfa dan bijirin barli dengan QT pada tahap 0 (kawalan), 1, 2 dan 3% daripada DM dalam empat diet (T0, T1, T2 dan T3, masing-masing). Darjah keberkesanan CT dalam DM kumpulan-kumpulan rawatan adalah 0, 0.75, 1.5 dan 2.25% (w / w),. Campuran jerami alfalfa, bijirin barli dan QT dipelet secara mekanikal. Diet basal (T0) adalah 70% jerami alfalfa dan 30% bijirin barli. Kandungan dietari CP adalah 14.9, 14.6, 14.5 dan 14.4% masing-masing. Kambing biri – biri diberi makan selama 120 hari untuk menentukan parameter prestasi pertumbuhan termasuk; jumlah pengambilan makanan daripada bahan kering (TDMI), jumlah penambahan berat (TG),julmah penambahan berat secara purata harian (ADG), jumlah penambahan berat relatif (RG) dan nisbah penukaran pemakananan (FCR). Hasil kajian menunjukkan TDMI/120 hari adalah lebih tinggi untuk NJ daripada NO (P <0.05), manakala RG dan FCR adalah lebih baik untuk NO daripada NJ (P <0.05). Kambing biri – biri yang diberi makan T2 menunjukkan TG tertinggi dan ADG dan FCR yang terbaik (P <0.05). Sebanyak 16 kambing biri - biri disembelih (4 haiwan bagi setiap rawatan) dan kandungan rumen digunakan untuk menentukan rumen kemusnahan nitrogen (N) 'in vitro', bahan organik (OM) dan serat detergen neutral (NDF),. Pendegradasian efektif (ED) daripada DM, N dan NDF menurun dengan peningkatan tahap QT pemakanan sehingga 2% (P <0.05). Tiga kambing biri - biri dari setiap kumpulan telah disembelih untuk menjalankan pencirian karkas, penentuan kualiti daging dan metabolit protein darah. Analisis pencirian karkas lebih baik (p<0.05) pada NO daripada NJ. Kandungan bahan kering dalam daging paha tinggi dalam NJ daripada NO (29.84 vs 29,04%) (P <0.05). Kandungan CP adalah lebih tinggi daripada di NJ daripada NO (44.59 vs 43,66%). Nilai pH lebih tinggi pada NO daripada NJ (6.3 vs 6.22) (P <0.05). Kepekatan plasma daripada jumlah protein, albumin dan globulin adalah lebih tinggi pada NO daripada di NJ (6.64, 5.39 dan 1.34 vs 5.97, 4.85 dan 1.13 g / dL) (P <0.05). Kajian ini juga mendapati bahawa ciri-ciri panel termasuk deria bau, rasa, tekstur, warna, penerimaan oleh konsumer, kejusian dan rupa adalah lebih tinggi di NO daripada di NJ (P <0.05). Hanya kejusian daging adalah yang tertinggi pada 2% QT dalam diet kambing biri – biri mempunyai daging dengan lebih kejusian daripada 1% QT. Kesimpulanya, TDMI meningkat dalam NJ berbanding di NO, manakala RG dan FCR adalah lebih baik daripada di NO dan NJ. Kambing biri – biri yang diberi makan T2 menunjukkan TG yang tertinggi dan ADG dan FCR yang baik. Penemuan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan ADG dan TG kerana diet T2 mungkin menyebabkan kesan buruk akibat CT dalam mengurangkan ED dalam N pada rumen dan kemudian meningkat aliran N yang akan digunakan dalam usus kecil. Analisis pencirian karkas adalah lebih baik pada NO berbanding NJ. Kandungan bahan kering dalam daging paha tinggi pada NJ berbanding NO. Nilai pH adalah lebih tinggi pada NO berbanding NJ. Ciri-ciri panel deria adalah lebih tinggi di NO daripada NJ. Kejusian daging adalah yang tertinggi daripada kambing biri – biri diet T2 dan yang paling rendah adalah daripada diet T1. Kepekatan plasma daripada jumlah protein, albumin dan globulin adalah lebih tinggi pada NO berbanding NJ.,Ph.D.
Pages:	106
Call Number:	QK898.T2A444 2014 tesis
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

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