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https://ptsldigital.ukm.my/jspui/handle/123456789/499384| Title: | Catalytic Synthesis of Oleyl Oleate Liquid Wax Ester for Biolubricant Base Oil |
| Authors: | Naowara M. Ali Alarafi (P49183) |
| Supervisor: | Jumat Salimon, Professor Dr. |
| Keywords: | Catalytic Oleyl oleate Biolubricant Base Oil Oleic acid |
| Issue Date: | 20-Nov-2013 |
| Description: | A synthesis of oleyl oleate wax ester was carried out using acidic catalyst (homogeneous- heterogeneous- and ionic liquid). Their ability to catalyze the esterification reaction of oleic acid and oleyl alcohol to produce oleyl oleate were optimized. Confirmation of oleyl oleate molecular structure has been done using FTIR, NMR, and ESI-MS spectroscopies. The results showed that sulfuric acid possessed relatively high specific activity and achieved the higher percentage yield of 94 %. The optimum conditions were achieved at reaction time of 5hours, molar ratio of oleic acid: oleyl alcohol of 1:1, sulfuric acid at 4.2 %wt, temperature 90 °C, and amount of desiccant at 50 %wt. Acidic heterogeneous catalyst of NaHSO4 gave the highest percentage yield of 97% among the acidic heterogeneous catalysts used. The optimum conditions were observed at 8 hours of reaction time, ratio of oleic acid to oleyl alcohol of 1:1, amount of NaHSO4 9.9 %wt and reaction temperature 130°C. The Brønsted acidic ionic liquid ([NMP][CH3SO3])) was found to be the best catalyst for esterification reaction of oleic acid and oleyl alcohol compared with the other Brønsted acidic ionic liquids studied. The optimal reaction conditions were determined at reaction time 8 hours; oleic acid to oleyl alcohol mole ratio, 1:1; amount of ([NMP][CH3SO3]), 9.9%wt; and reaction temperature, 90°C. Under these conditions, the percentage yield of oleyl oleate wax ester was 86%. The physicochemical properties such as: pour point, flash point, and oxidative stability and viscosity index of oleyl oleate wax ester were investigated. The results showed that increasing the chain length of ester and adding methyl cellulose to oleyl oleate wax ester as an additive had a positive influence on the low temperature properties, which reduced from to -31°C to -40°C, respectively. The oleyl oleate wax ester produced showed viscosity index of 197, oxidative stability of 186 ˚C and flash point at 260˚C. The addition of additive into the ester produced decreases the viscosity index 169 and oxidative stability 183 ˚C, while the flash point remained constant. Furthermore, tribological characteristic of oleyl oleate wax ester was performed. The results indicated that the coefficients of friction (μ) of oleyl oleate produced at 40˚C and100˚C were 0.46 and 0.53, respectively. The presence of ester group in oleic acid based wax ester structure has a positive impact on wear protection which making it a good candidate for the general uses of biolubricant.,Ph.D |
| Pages: | 185 |
| Call Number: | QD305.A2.A433 2013 3 |
| Publisher: | UKM, Bangi |
| Appears in Collections: | Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| ukmvital_71455+Source01+Source010.PDF Restricted Access | 3.27 MB | Adobe PDF |  View/Open |
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