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Title:	Pollution prevention and water quality improvement of bertam river in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia
Authors:	Mahdieh Eisakhani (P23699)
Supervisor:	Md. Pauzi Abdullah, Prof. Dr.
Keywords:	Water -- Pollution -- Malaysia -- Cameron Highlands Water quality management -- Malaysia -- Cameron Highlands Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia -- Dissertations Dissertations, Academic -- Malaysia
Issue Date:	23-Jan-2011
Description:	The water quality of rivers in Cameron Highlands has deteriorated significantly due to land clearing for agriculture, excessive usage of pesticides and fertilizers as well as intrusion of domestic sewage from rapidly developing urban areas. Furthermore, mismanagement and lack of policies enforcement contribute to increasing water quality degradation. Therefore, the study was conducted to deal with pollution prevention and water quality improvement of Bertam river, which is one of the main rivers and water supply sources in the region. Initially, point sources and non-point sources of pollution were identified. Then, based on the pollution sources, four sampling points (SP1 to SP4) along the river and five sampling points (SP5 to SP9) in its tributaries were selected. Samples were collected during average and high water flows. pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, DO, BOD, COD, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and E-Coli were analyzed for all samples. Results show that water quality of the Bertam river deteriorates immediately after its origin at SP1. Huge increase of total solids up to 4000 mg/L was observed during high water flow at SP2 while it was around 5 mg/L at SP1 during the same period. Also high concentrations of TN and TP was observed at SP2 (17 mg/L, N and 14 mg/L, P) and SP5 (9.7 mg/L, N and 8.7 mg/L, P) during high water flow. Based on analysis results for TN, TP and COD, vast decline in water quality was observed during post-monsoon period at all stations which indicated non-point source pollution with tremendous impact on water quality. Non-point pollution sources are diverse and hard to identify and therefore they are difficult to estimate. Hence, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) was used to provide an extensive approach to evaluate land use and other mapping characteristics. The output from the GIS model was linked to MIKE 11 and the model was run in hydrodynamic, advection-dispersion and water quality modules. River outflow generation and simulation of various water quality parameters were carried out at ten selected cross sections of Bertam river using MIKE 11. The results indicate highest annual runoff is created by forest, 3.56×108 m3/yr followed by urban development, 1.46×108 m3/yr. Furthermore, urban development causes highest BOD load (1.31×106 kgBOD/yr) while agricultural activities and forest contribute the highest annual loads for phosphorus (6.91×104 kgP/yr) and nitrogen (2.50×105 kgN/yr), respectively. Therefore, Non-structural management was suggested to be implemented which includes improvement of public understanding and participation in river pollution prevention, reducing of existing pollutants at or near to source through enforcement, improvement of the local authorities operations and housekeeping practices, control and prevention of future pollution via the implementation of appropriate policy on development planning control, strengthening of the legal instrument and provision of means to establish adequate fund for environmental projects and public education., Certification of Master's/Doctoral Thesis is not available,Ph.D.
Pages:	219
Call Number:	TD420.E387 2011 tesis
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan

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