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Title:	Penentuan aras residu insektisid organoklorin di dalam beras dan pokok padi di Tanjung Karang, Barat Laut Selangor
Authors:	Awis Sukarni Mohmad Sabere (P46728)
Supervisor:	Zuriati Zakaria, Prof. Datin Dr.
Keywords:	Pesticides Pesticide residues in food
Issue Date:	11-Nov-2011
Description:	Beras ataupun Oryza sativa L. ialah makanan ruji bagi dua per tiga daripada populasi dunia dan membekalkan 20 peratus tenaga diet dunia. Oleh itu, beras hendaklah dijamin bersih dan selamat daripada bahan kimia yang boleh menjejaskan kesihatan. Beras berasal daripada pokok padi yang ditanam di kawasan berair dan menggunakan banyak pestisid. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan aras residu pestisid di dalam pokok padi (batang, daun dan beras) dan membezakan kepekatan pestisid antara kawasan penanaman dan juga cara penanamannya (secara moden dan tradisional). Pestisid yang biasa digunakan dan yang ditentukan ialah organoklorin kerana organoklorin tahan kepada proses hidrolisis dan mempunyai kelarutan yang rendah di dalam air. Pokok padi yang mengamalkan kultura petak penyelidikan dan kultura petani dituai daripada sawah padi di Tanjung Karang, barat laut Selangor. Bagi amalan kultura petak penyelidikan, pokok padi yang diselia oleh Institut Penyelidikan dan Kemajuan Pertanian Malaysia (MARDI) dituai manakala bagi amalan kultura petani, pokok padi dituai daripada sawah penduduk kampung. Kesemua sampel diambil dari tiga kawasan berbeza iaitu kawasan air masuk, air keluar dan air tengah sawah. Beras di pasaran iaitu beras tempatan dan import di beli daripada pasaraya. Kesemua sampel diekstrak menggunakan kaedah pengekstrakan pelarut. Kandungan organoklorin di dalam sampel kemudian ditentukan menggunakan kromatografi gaspengesan perangkap elektron (GC-ECD). Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat beberapa jenis organoklorin yang berbeza digunakan dari kedua-dua amalan kultura petak penyelidikan dan kultura petani. Bagi amalan kultura petak penyelidikan, heptaklor dan aldrin digunakan manakala α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan dan endosulfan-sulfat digunakan bagi amalan kultura petani. Aras residu pestisid di dalam pokok padi untuk amalan kultura petak penyelidikan ialah dalam lingkungan 5.28±0.30 - 10.40±0.15 ppb berbanding dengan amalan kultura petani dengan julat7.13±0.20 - 579.60±8.92 ppb. Aras pestisid di dalam daun (N/D - 10.40±0.15 ppb untuk kultura petak penyelidikan, 15.02±0.45 - 579.60±8.92 ppb untuk kultura petani) adalah lebih tinggi daripada aras pestisid yang didapati di dalam batang (N/D - 7.86±0.05 ppb untuk kultura petak penyelidikan, 7.13±0.20 - 368.93±7.83 ppb untuk kultura petani). Ini menunjukkan pesawah kampung lebih cenderung untuk menggunakann pestisid pada kepekatan yang lebih tinggi. Kepekatan residu pestisid juga berbeza mengikut kawasan sawah. Sampel dari kawasan air keluar (N/D - 10.40±0.15 ppb) mengandungi kepekatan pestisid yang paling tinggi berbanding sampel dari kawasan air masuk (N/D - 9.65±0.20 ppb) dan air tengah sawah (N/D). Bagi sampel beras pula, tiada residu pestisid yang dikesan bagi amalan kultura petak penyelidikan manakala hanya endosulfan sulfat sahaja yang dikesan dari kawasan air masuk (7.82±2.86 ppb) dan keluar (22.37±1.79) bagi amalan kultura petani. Tiada sebarang pestisid organoklorin yang dapat dikesan bagi sampel di pasaran.,Rice or Oryza sativa L. is the most important staple food for a large part of the world's human population. This unique grain helps sustain two-thirds of the world's population and provides 20 percent of the world's dietary energy. Thus, the rice has to completely clean and safe from harmful chemicals. Rice origin is from paddy plants which are submerged in water where pesticides are applied. The objective of this research is to determine the pesticides in the paddy plants (stems, leaves and rice grain) and to differentiate the concentration of the pesticides between the modern and traditional cultivation methods. The common pesticides determined were organochlorines because they have high resistance towards hydrolysis process and have low solubility in water. Modern and traditional paddy plants were harvested from the paddy field in Tanjung Karang, northwest Selangor. For the research practice cultivation, the paddy plants were harvested from the paddy field owned by MARDI while for the farmer practice cultivation, the paddy plants were harvested from the villager farmers' plots. All samples were harvested from three different areas; water inlet, water outlet and midfield water areas. Local and imported rice were bought from the groceries. All samples were extracted using solvent extraction method. Pesticides residues in the samples were then determined using gas chromatography-electron captured detector (GC-ECD). The results showed that there were different types of pesticides used in both research and farmer practice cultivations areas. For the research practice cultivation areas, heptachlor and aldrin were used while α- endosulfan, β-endosulfan and endosulfan-sulphate were used in farmer practice cultivation areas. Pesticides residual levels in research practice cultivation samples were 5.28±0.30 - 10.40±0.15 ppb in range compared to farmer practice cultivation (7.13±0.20 - 579.60±8.92 ppb). Pesticides residual levels in leaves (N/D - 10.40±0.15 ppb for research practice, 15.02±0.45 - 579.60±8.92 ppb for farmer practice) were higher compared to stems (N/D - 7.86±0.05 ppb for research practice, 7.13±0.20 - 368.93±7.83 ppb for farmer practice). The concentrations of the pesticides residual levels also differ depending on field areas. Samples from water outlet area (N/D - 10.40±0.15 ppb) have higher concentrations of pesticides compared to the water inlet (N/D - 9.65±0.20 ppb) and midfield water areas (N/D). For the rice samples, no pesticide residue was detected for the research practice cultivation. Meanwhile only endosulfan sulfate can be detected from water inlet (7.82±2.86 ppb) and water outlet (22.37±1.79 ppb) areas from farmer practice cultivation. No organochlorine pesticide was detected from rice obtained from the market.,Master/Sarjana
Pages:	75
Call Number:	TX571.P4A977 2011 tesis
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

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