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https://ptsldigital.ukm.my/jspui/handle/123456789/463573| Title: | Pencirian hasil cecair daripada pencecairan solvolisis gentian tandan kosong kelapa sawit (EFB) dalam pelarut berbeza |
| Authors: | Fan Suet Pin (P52186) |
| Supervisor: | Sarani Zakaria, Prof. Dr |
| Keywords: | Solvolysis Oil palm |
| Issue Date: | 6-Oct-2011 |
| Description: | Pencecairan solvolisis gentian tandan kosong kelapa sawit (EFB) dengan pelarut yang berlainan (aseton, etilena glikol (EG), etanol, air dan toluena) dilakukan di dalam autoklaf pada suhu 275°C dan masa 60 minit. Keberkesanan pelarut terhadap hasil penukaran didapati seperti berikut: EG > air > etanol > aseton > toluena, yang didapati disebabkan oleh kepolaran pelarut. Hasil cecair dan baki yang diperolehi dianalisis dengan Fourier transmisi infra merah dan kromatografi gas spektrometer jisim. Keputusan yang diperolehi menunjukkan sifat-sifat kimia produk cecair amat dipengaruhi oleh jenis pelarut yang digunakan semasa proses pencecairan. Nilai pemanasan tinggi (HHV) daripada analisis CHNS bagi produk cecair yang terhasil daripada pelarut etanol adalah ~29.42 MJ/kg, merupakan HHV yang paling tinggi di antara produk cecair yang dihasilkan menggunakan pelarut yang lain. Apabila pelarut air, etanol dan toluena digunakan dapat menghasilkan terbitan fenol sebagai komponen utama. Penggunaan EG berkecenderungan menghasilkan alkohol manakala penggunaan aseton menghasilkan keton dan aldehid. Kesan prarawatan letupan wap ke atas gentian EFB dalam pencecairan solvolisis dalam EG dilakukan pada 130°C, 160°C, 190°C dan 220°C bagi tanpa tempoh penangguhan dan tempoh penangguhan 10 minit. Hasil gentian-gentian daripada proses letupan wap dianalisis menggunakan pembelauan sinar-X (XRD) dan mikroskopi imbasan electron (SEM). Didapati hasil penukaran bagi sampel gentian letupan wap pada 160°C untuk tanpa tempoh penangguhan adalah lebih tinggi berbanding dengan gentian tanpa prarawatan. Keputusan XRD menunjukkan indeks kehabluran gentian selepas letupan pada suhu 160°C tanpa tempoh penangguhan adalah 46.49%, 9.47% lebih rendah berbanding gentian EFB iaitu 55.96%. Mikrograf SEM bagi sampel gentian selepas letupan pada suhu 220°C dengan tanpa tempoh penangguhan dan tempoh penangguhan 10 minit jelas menunjukkan kehadiran gugusan butiran bulat akibat daripada kesan pengaglomeratan lignin pada suhu tersebut.,Solvolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) fibres using different solvents (acetone, ethylene glycol (EG), ethanol, water and toluene) were carried out in an autoclave at 275°C for 60 min. The solvent efficiency in term of conversion yield was found to be: EG > water > ethanol > acetone > toluene, which due to the polarity of the solvent. The liquid products and residue obtained were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GCMS). The results obtained showed that the chemical properties of the liquid product were significantly influenced by the type of solvent used during the solvolysis process. The higher heating value (HHV) carried by the CHNS of liquid products obtained using ethanol gives ~29.42 MJ/kg, which is the highest among the liquid products compared to using other solvents. Water, ethanol and toluene produced most phenolic derivatives as the major component. The utilization of EG favoured the formation of alcohol, however the utilization of acetone favoured the formation ketone and aldehyde. The effect of steam explosion pretreatment on the conversion and product yield of solvolysis EFB fibres in EG were carried out at different temperatures: 130°C, 160°C, 190°C and 220°C at without holding time and holding time of 10 min. The steam exploded fibres obtained were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that conversion yield of steam exploded fibres sample at 160°C for without holding time was higher than the conversion yield of the untreated fibres. The XRD results showed that the crystalinity index of the steam exploded fibres at 160°C for 0 min holding time is 46.49%, 9.47% lower than the EFB fibres which is 55.96%. The SEM results for the steam exploded samples at 220°C, holding time of 0 min and 10 min showed the existence of spherical droplet, which showed lignin softening occurred at this particular temperature.,Master/Sarjana |
| Pages: | 126 |
| Call Number: | QD281.S6F338 2011 tesis |
| Publisher: | UKM, Bangi |
| Appears in Collections: | Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi |
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| Pencirian hasil cecair daripada pencecairan solvolisis gentian tandan kosong kelapa sawit (EFB) dalam pelarut berbeza Restricted Access | Fulltext | 4.69 MB | Adobe PDF |  View/Open |
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