1. UKM Learning and Research Repository
2. Master Thesis / Tesis Master
3. Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Title:	Determination of heavy metal concentrations in Arius thalassinus and Johnius belangri fishes from the coastal waters of Kapar and Mersing, Malaysia
Authors:	Ali Fathi Alhashmi Bashir (P66624)
Supervisor:	Mushrifah Idris, Prof. Dr.
Keywords:	Dissertations, Academic -- Malaysia
Issue Date:	1-May-2015
Description:	Blechnum orientale (L.) and Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) species are edible medicinal fern in Malaysia. In the first study on these two ferns were carried out to quantify heavy metal content and compare their accumulation in the root, rhizome, mature fronds, young fronds and fiddlehead including the soil on which the plants were grown. The soil factors which influence heavy metals uptake by medicinal ferns were investigated. Soil and plant samples were collected from UKM Fern Garden, Bangi and Chini Forest reserve, Pahang, Malaysia, with each site having their own management practices. Differential concentration of Pb, Cr, Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe were determined by Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the analysis indicated that total heavy metals in plants were related with soil properties (pH, organic matter content, CEC, EC and particular grain size of soil). The concentration of heavy metal and its concentration in soils, depends on location and plant types. Pb and Fe were exceeded permissible level in rhizome and root of ferns, meanwhile, Cr was high in all plant parts. Other metals concentration was still below the limit. Therefore, it is concluded that soil properties and total heavy metals concentration in soils affect its availability in medicinal ferns uptake, depending on the prevailing soil conditions and where the plants are grown. In the second part of the study on the total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteau assay) and antioxidant capacity based on Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay, of rhizome, mature fronds, young fronds and fiddleheads extracts of both plant at both locations was adapted and analysed. The fronds of plant showed the strongest antioxidant activity compared to the other parts. The analysis indicated that the total phenolic content, the antioxidant capacity, of plants collected from the Chini Forest area were substantially higher than those of plants sampled from the UKM Fern Garden for both plants, but the B. orientale had significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to D. esculentum. The phenolic content and antioxidant activity share a strong relationship. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, varies considerably depending on the ecosystem of the area where the plants are grown and assay system analyzed. All two ferns responded differently to heavy metals exposure in terms of anti-oxidative defense. The third study was to look at the effects of boiling methods on total phenolic and antioxidant activity of fern parts as consumed in traditionally practiced remedy to treat various agents. The thermal processes would bring about a number of changes in the physical characteristics and chemical composition of plant. The plant parts were boiled for 20 min in water at 90 °C and the raw extract prepared with water at room temperature 24°C as a control were anlysed. The result showed the fern parts were significantly affected by heat treatment as it contributed to an increase in the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of plant. Hence, this study provided the scientific basis to justify their use in traditional medicine.,Master/Sarjana
Pages:	258
Call Number:	TD420.A444 2013
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.