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Title:	Kesan gliserol tert-butil eter sebagai kosurfaktan terhadap mikroemulsi berasaskan-sawit untuk aplikasi sebagai cecair pencuci
Authors:	Wan Nurul Fatihah Wan Yaacob (P46350)
Supervisor:	Rusli Daik, Prof. Dr.
Keywords:	gliserol tert-butil eter Glycerin Biotechnology
Issue Date:	10-Mar-2014
Description:	Kesan gliserol tert-butil eter (GTBE) sebagai kosurfaktan terhadap gambarajah fasaternari bagi mikroemulsi berasaskan-sawit telah dikaji. Objektif penyelidikan ini ialah bagi mengkaji kesesuaian GTBE sebagai kosurfaktan untuk menghasilkan mikroemulsi minyak-dalam-air (M/A). Mikroemulsi M/A diperolehi dengan mencampurkan minyak (M) lemak sawit metil ester (LSME), air (A), dan surfaktan (S) lemak alkohol teretoksi (LAE) dengan 7 dan 2 mol etilena oksida (EO). Kosurfaktan GTBE dan kosurfaktan kawalan 1,2-heksanadiol digunakan bagi membantu surfaktan merendahkan ketegangan permukaan pada antaramuka air dan minyak. Nisbah air kepada minyak adalah 75:25 (b/b). Nisbah surfaktan LAE 7 EO (SA) kepada surfaktan LAE 2 EO (SB) yang digunakan juga adalah 75:25 (b/b). Mikroemulsi M/A di atas juga dikaji dengan menambah surfaktan α-metil ester sulfonat (α-MES). Percampuran air/minyak, surfaktan dan kosurfaktan di sini (b/b/b) adalah pada sela 10% yang berpadanan dengan gambarajah fasa-ternari yang mengandungi tiga paksi setiap satu dari 0 ke 100%. Kelakuan fasa bagi fasa-ternari dicerap secara berkala menggunakan cahaya terkutub bersilang. Gambarajahgambarajah fasa-ternari kemudian dibina bagi menentukan rantau fasa mikroemulsi, emulsi dan cecair hablur. Nisbah optimum bagi campuran surfaktan LAE 7 EO /LAE 2 EO /α-MES, dan kosurfaktan GTBE yamg diperlukan bagi membentuk mikroemulsi M1 yang bersaiz titisan 15.4 nm adalah masing-masing 20 dan 10% (b/b). Kawasan lebih besar bagi mikroemulsi M2 tanpa surfaktan α-MES dengan saiz titisan 5.4 nm yang diperolehi pada nisbah optimum surfaktan yang bercampur LAE 7 EO /LAE 2 EO, dan kosurfaktan GTBE masing-masing adalah 15 dan 10% (b/b). Kekonduksian bagi dua mikroemulsi berkelikatan-rendah M1 dan M2 adalah masing-masing 597.5 dan 929.5 μSm-1. Mikroemulsi yang sesuai dalam menghasilkan cecair pembersih bagi permukaan kasar diformulasikan dengan melakukan ujian prestasi pembersihan. Mikroemulsi M2 yang tidak mengandungi -MES dengan prestasi pembersihan 97.5% dengan GTBE sebagai kosurfaktan didapati setanding dengan prestasi pembersihan cecair pembersih komersial. Kajian ini menunjukkan yang GTBE berpotensi digunakan sebagai kosurfaktan baru bagi aplikasi praktikal yang tidaktoksik kepada alam sekitar.,Effects of glycerol tert-butyl ether (GTBE) as a cosurfactant (coS) on ternary-phase diagrams for palm-based microemulsions has been studied. Objective of this research is to study the suitability of GTBE as a cosurfactant to produce oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions. An O/W microemulsions were obtained by mixing the oil (O) of palm fatty methyl esters (PFMEs), water (W) and a surfactant (S) of fatty alcohol ethoxylates (FAEs) with 7 and 2 moles of ethylene oxide (EO). A cosurfactant of GTBE and a control cosurfactant of 1,2-hexanediol were used to assist surfactant in lowering surface tension at the interfacial of water and oil. Ratio of water to oil was 75:25 (w/w). Ratio of surfactant FAE 7 EO (SA) to surfactant FAE 2 EO (SB) used was also 75:25 (w/w). The above O/W microemulsions were also studied by adding surfactant of α-sulfonate methyl ester (α-SME). Mixing of water/oil, surfactant and cosurfactant here (w/w/w) were at 10% intervals that corresponded with the ternaryphase diagrams consisting of three axes from 0% to 100% each. Phase behaviour of the ternary-phase was observed periodically using crossed polarised light. Ternaryphase diagrams were then constructed to determine phase regions of microemulsions, emulsions and liquid crystals. An optimum ratio of mixed surfactants of FAE 7 EO / FAE 2 EO /α-SME and a cosurfactant of GTBE needed to form stable microemulsion M1 with an average particle size of 15.4 nm was 20 and 10% (w/w) respectively. A larger region for microemulsion M2 with an average particle size 5.4 nm was obtained without surfactant of α-SME at an optimum ratio of mixed surfactants of FAE 7 EO / FAE 2 EO, and cosurfactant of GTBE was 15 and 10% (w/w) respectively. Conductivities of the above two low-viscosity microemulsions, M1 and M2 were 929.5 and 597.5 μS m-1 respectively. A suitable microemulsion in producing a liquid cleaner for hard surfaces was formulated by conducting a cleaning performance test. Microemulsion M2 with 97.5% cleaning performance with GTBE as a cosurfactant was found to be comparable with that of a commercial liquid cleaner. This study indicates that the GTBE could potentially be used as a new cosurfactant for practical application that is non-toxic to the environment.,Master/Sarjana
Pages:	114
Call Number:	TP156.E6W346 2014 tesis
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

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