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Title:	Effect of different growth locations of fig plants on the heavy metals content and their antioxidant activity
Authors:	Hlail Shrrog Hammed (P63393)
Supervisor:	Wan Juliana Wan Ahmad, Associate Prof. Dr.
Keywords:	Ficus fistulosa Ficus hispida Antioxidant activities Fig- Malaysia.
Issue Date:	18-Aug-2015
Description:	The study was conducted to determine the heavy metals content and antioxidant activity of two species of Ficus fistulosa and Ficus hispida from urban (Bangi and Ayer Hitam forest reserve) and remote area (Chini and Bera forest reserve) respectively. The heavy metals studied were micronutrients and heavy metals Pb, Zn, Fe and Mn. Heavy metals were detected using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Antioxidant activities in the leaves and fruits of F. fistulosa and F. hispida from the study sites were evaluated using the total phenol content (TPC), 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The results showed that the highest concentration of heavy metals in soil, leaves and fruits of the two Ficus species were found from the urban areas of Ayer Hitam FR and Bangi FR. Fe was the most dominant metal whereas Pb had the lowest concentration for all soils and plants samples. Between the two Ficus species studied, F. fistulosa showed higher heavy metals concentration (Pb, Zn and Mn) than F. hispida. The results showed that leaves samples had significantly (p<0.05) higher heavy metals compared to fruits in both Ficus species. The physicochemical properties of soils studied (pH, organic matter, soil particles) showed significant differences (p<0.05) among the urban and remote areas. Significant differences (p<0.05) of antioxidant content in leaves and fruits were found between the two Ficus species and among all growing locations. For fruits, maximum total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (FRAP, DPPH and ORAC) were obtained for F. fistulosa only. Variations in antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in leaves and fruit samples among growing locations were much greater than the variation observed between parts of plant (leaves and fruits), indicating that growing locations plays a more important role than parts of plants in F. fistulosa and F. hispida. The results indicated that the Ficus fruits of Chini FR had the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity while Ficus leaves of Bangi FR had the lowest for both Ficus species. Correlation analyses indicated that there was a linear relationship between antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content in fruits and leaves. The results suggested that F. fistulosa and F. hispida (leaves and fruits) are good sources of natural compounds. Our study provides a detailed examination of habitat location and species effects on potential of bioactive compounds in Ficus.,Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan kandungan mineral, logam berat dan aktiviti antioksidan dua spesies iaitu Ficus fistulosa dan Ficus hispida daripada kawasan bandar (Hutan Simpan Bangi dan Hutan Simpan Air Hitam) dan kawasan luar bandar (Hutan Simpan Chini dan Hutan Simpan Bera) masing-masing. Logam berat yang dikaji adalah Pb, Zn, Fe dan Mn. Logam berat dikesan menggunakan spektrometer pancaran plasma gandingan arahan. Aktiviti antioksidan dalam daun dan buah F. fistulosa dan F. hispida dari kawasan kajian telah dinilai menggunakan jumlah kandungan fenolik (TPC), kuasa antioksidan menurunkan ferik (FRAP), pengautan radikal 1,1- difenil -2- pikril hidrazil (DPPH) dan oksigen radikal kapasiti kuantiti (ORAC). Keputusan menunjukkan kepekatan logam berat yang paling tinggi di dalam tanah, daun dan buah bagi kedua-dua spesies tersebut adalah daripada kawasan bandar Hutan Simpan Air Hitam dan Hutan Simpan Bangi. Ferum mempunyai kepekatan logam yang paling tinggi manakala Pb menunjukkan kepekatan yang paling rendah bagi kesemua sampel tanah dan tumbuhan. Antara dua spesies Ficus yang dikaji, F. fistulosa menunjukkan kandungan logam berat yang lebih tinggi (Pb, Zn dan Mn) berbanding F. hispida. Keputusan menunjukkan sampel daun mengandungi kandungan logam berat yang tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding sampel buah bagi kedua-dua spesies Ficus. Ciri-ciri fizikokimia tanah yang dikaji (pH, bahan organik, partikel tanah) menunjukkan perbezaan signifikan (p<0.05) antara kawasan bandar dan luar bandar. Kandungan antioksidan dalam daun dan buah menunjukan perbezaan signifikan (p<0.05) antara kedua-dua spesies Ficus dan antara kesemua lokasi pertumbuhan. Bagi buah, nilai jumlah kandungan fenolik (TPC) dan aktiviti antioksidan (FRAP, DPPH, dan ORAC) yang maksimum diperoleh hanya daripada F. fistulosa sahaja. Variasi dalam aktiviti antioksidan dan jumlah kandungan fenolik dalam sampel daun dan buah adalah lebih besar antara lokasi pertumbuhan berbanding variasi yang diperhatikan antara bahagian tumbuhan (daun dan buah) iaitu menunjukkan kawasan pertumbuhan memainkan peranan yang penting berbanding bahagian tumbuhan dalam F. fistulosa dan F. hispida. Hasil menunjukkan buah Ficus dari Hutan Simpan Chini mempunyai jumlah kandungan fenolik dan aktiviti antioksidan yang paling tinggi manakala daun Ficus dari Hutan Simpan Bangi mempunyai nilai yang paling rendah bagi kedua-dua spesies Ficus. Analisis korelasi menunjukkan terdapat hubungan linear antara aktiviti antioksidan dan jumlah kandungan fenolik dalam buah dan daun. Keputusan mencadangkan bahawa F. fistulosa dan F. hispida (daun dan buah) adalah sumber kandungan semulajadi yang bagus. Kajian kami menyediakan penilaian yang teliti ke atas kawasan kesan habitat dan spesies terhadap kandungan bioaktif yang berpotensi dalam Ficus.,Master
Pages:	100
Call Number:	QK495.M73 H564 2015
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

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