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Title:	Diversity of ants (hymenoptera:formicidae) across selected hill dipterocarp forests of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors:	Nur Zati Akma Mustafa. (P43198)
Supervisor:	Prof. Dr Idris Abdul Ghani
Keywords:	Ants Hill dipterocarp forests Peninsular Malaysia Ants-Malaysia.
Issue Date:	11-Oct-2012
Description:	Study on the diversity of ants in selected hill dipterocarp forests of Peninsular Malaysia was conducted from June 2008 to June 2009 in six forests reserves throughout Peninsular Malaysia. The selected forest reserves were the Semangkok FR (SFR, Selangor), Berembun FR (BFR, Negeri Sembilan), Gunung Tebu FR (GTFR, Terengganu), Gunung Angsi FR (GAFR, Negeri Sembilan), Ulu Gombak FR (UGFR, Selangor) and Kledang Siong FR (KSFR, Perak). Four sampling methods were used throughout the study namely arboreal pitfall traps, ground pitfall traps, baiting and leaf litter sifting. Assessment on the efficiency of the four methods used in the study revealed that each method represents ants' composition at different forest strata. Sampling methods differed (F = 98.4, d.f. = 4 & 213, P < 0.05) in the number of species collected. Leaf litter sifting and baiting yielded the highest and lowest number of species collected, respectively (144 and 89 species, respectively). Total ant diversity (H') was significantly higher at GAFR than at SFR, GTFR and KSFR (F = 8.33, df = 5 & 48, P < 0.05) while species abundance was significantly higher at SFR than at GTFR and KSFR (F=3.96, df=5 & 203, P<0.05). Ant diversity showed variation as a function of topography, being higher on ridges (H'=3.95), followed by slopes (H' = 3.94) and valleys (H' = 3.81), but these topographic effects on ant diversity were not significant (F = 1.25, df = 2 & 203, P = 0.29). Ant diversity showed no change from inside VJR, LF1 and LF2 (F = 0.56 ; df = 2 & 203; P = 0.56), which indicates indicates that species diversity did not represent the forest regeneration as compare to the species composition. On the other hand, ant abundance was found to be greatest outside the VJRs and lowest within VJRs (F = 2.95,df = 2 & 203, P < 0.05). Partial Mantel tests revealed a significant correlation (r = 0.53, P < 0.01) between ant community structure and distance of the VJR and the variation of the forest stands and microhabitat structure. Ant diversity was highest at the second largest VJR, while species richness was highest at the smallest VJR, indicating that VJR size was not the main factor influencing ant community distribution in this study. Interestingly, cluster analysis showed high degree of clustering based on geographical position of the forest which overshadows the effect of forest sizes. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the potential of ants as an indicator of habitat disturbance.,Kajian terhadap kepelbagaian semut di hutan tanah bukit terpilih di Semenanjung Malaysia telah dijalankan dari Jun 2008-Jun 2009 di enam buah hutan terpilih di Semenanjung Malaysia. Hutan Simpan yang terpilih adalah Hutan Simpan Semangkok (SFR, Selangor), Hutan Simpan Berembun (BFR, Negeri Sembilan), Hutan Simpan Gunung Tebu (GTFR, Terengganu), Hutan Simpan Gunung Angsi (GAFR, Negeri Sembilan), Hutan Simpan Ulu Gombak (UGFR, Selangor) dan Hutan Simpan Kledang Siong (KSFR, Perak). Empat kaedah persampelan telah digunakan sepanjang persampelan iaitu perangkap jatuh arboreal, perangkap jatuh tanah, pengumpanan dan teknik serasah daun. Analisa terhadap keberkesanan kaedah persampelan yang digunakan mendapati bahawa setiap kaedah mewakili komposisi semut di strata berlainan hutan. Terdapat perbezaan bilangan spesies yang signifikan diantara kaedah persampelan yang dijalankan (F= 98.40, df= 4 & 213, P < 0.05). Kekayaan spesies tertinggi diperolehi melalui teknik pengayakan serasah daun (144 spesies) manakala teknik pengumpanan mengumpul kekayaan spesies terendah (89 spesies). Kelimpahan keseluruhan semut (H') di GAFR didapati tinggi secara secara signifikan berbanding di SFR, GTFR, dan KSFR (F = 8.33, df = 5 & 48, P<0.05) manakala kelimpahan spesies di SFR adalah lebih tinggi secara signifikan berbanding GTFR dan KSFR (F = 3.96, df = 5 & 203, P < 0.05). Kajian terhadap komposisi semut di topografi berbeza mendapati kepelbagaian semut adalah tertinggi di permatang (H' = 3.95), diikuti di cerun (H' = 3.94) dan paling rendah di lembah (H' = 3.81). Walaubagaimanapun, tiada perbezaan siknifikan H' di antara topografi (F = 1.25, df = 2 & 203, P = 0.29). Kepelbagaian spesies juga tidak berbeza secara signifikan di antara plot di dalam VJR (VJR), lebih 500 m dari VJR (LF1) dan lebih 1 km daripada VJR (LF2; F = 0.58; df = 2 & 203; P = 0.56), menggambarkan kepelbagaian spesies tidak mewakili proses regenerasi berbanding perbezaan komposisi. Walaubagaimanapun, kelimpahan LF2 direkodkan tertinggi secara signifikan berbanding kelimpahan terendah yang direkodkan di VJR (F = 2.95, df = 2 & 203, P<0.05). Ujian Partial Mantel menunjukkan bahawa terdapat korelasi secara signifikan (r = 0.53, P < 0.01) diantara struktur komuniti semut dengan komposisi hutan dan habitat mikro di kawasan. Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa saiz VJR bukan merupakan faktor utama mempengaruhi taburan komuniti semut di sesebuah kawasan. Ini adalah berdasarkan nilah R' dan H' yang tertinggi VJR kedua terbesar manakala bilangan individu tertinggi dicatatkan di SFR, VJR saiz terkecil. Menariknya, dendogram kelompok menujukkan kesan perbezaan geografi yang membayangi kesan perbezaan saiz hutan. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini telah menunjukkan potensi semut sebagai bioindikator kepada gangguan hutan.,Master
Pages:	145
Call Number:	QL568.F7 N867 2012
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

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