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Title:	Effects of elevated carbon dioxide on growth, vertebral column development, gill morphology and blood biochemical parameters in juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x E. lanceolatus)
Authors:	Amirah Izzati Mohd Iskandar (P85505)
Supervisor:	Simon Kumar Das, Assoc. Prof. Dr.
Keywords:	Ocean acidification Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia -- Dissertations Dissertations, Academic -- Malaysia
Issue Date:	17-Jan-2020
Description:	Rising CO2 level in the atmosphere eventually leads to ocean acidification which is considered as one of the emerging problems in marine lives including fish. It is crucial to understand how elevated CO2 impacts on the vulnerable stages (e.g., larva, fry) of fishes. This study aims to elucidate the elevated CO2 effect on the growth, vertebral column, gill morphology and blood parameters of a newly developed hybrid grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus' ?� E. lanceolatus♂ (TGGG) in the laboratory condition. Juveniles of TGGG were reared in four different CO2 concentration of 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ppm. After 90 days of experimental period, the LWRs of TGGG reared in four different CO2 concentration were establish, and their growth condition was evaluated. The exposure to high CO2 levels showed declining trends in growth where highest b value was seen at 400 ppm (2.998) and the lowest were seen at 1000 ppm (2.011). The Fulton condition factor (K) range from 0.91 (1000 ppm) to 1.48 (400 ppm) and relative condition factor (Kn) fluctuated between 0.89 (1000 ppm) and 1.01 (400 ppm). The significantly highest mean Specific growth rate (SGR) (3.37% BM day-1) was observed at 400 ppm, while the lowest SGR (0.77% BM day-1) was observed at 1000 ppm. Similarly, survival rate was decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with the increment of CO2 concentration. The FCR, showed opposite trends, the lowest FCR was seen in 400 ppm (0.40, p < 0.05) and the highest was in 1000 ppm (0.59, p < 0.05). The osteology observation showed normal vertebral column formation at 400 ppm and at 600 ppm, a segment of the vertebral column was found to be incomplete, while in 800 ppm a small angle of kyphosis and in 1000 ppm, kyphosis, lordosis, and vertebral compression was seen. Gill histology showed hyperplasia, epithelial proliferation and fusion in primary and secondary lamellae when exposed from 600 to 1000 ppm of CO2 concentration. In haematology, red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (HCT), PC, mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) decreased significantly as the CO2 concentration increased from 400 to 1000 ppm, but white blood cell (WBC) increased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing CO2. The blood biochemical parameters, total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLO), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) concentration decreased with increased CO2. Cortisol level was significantly increased as CO2 levels increase. Results on this study show that elevated CO2 does affect the TGGG hybrid grouper in their early-life stages, and this preliminary study can be a baseline information for better culture practice of this newly developed hybrid grouper and such data is valuable in establishing a monitoring and management system of this species for adapting aquaculture to climate change.,Certification of Masters/Doctoral Thesis" is not available
Pages:	111
Call Number:	TD427.A27A475 2020 tesis
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Science and Technology / Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

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