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Title:	Assessment of sodium silicofluoride as a fluoride source dosed in drinking water system
Authors:	Siti Aishah Basiron (P100120)
Supervisor:	Rosiah Rohani, Assoc. Prof. Dr.
Keywords:	Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia -- Dissertations Dissertations, Academic -- Malaysia Sodium silicofluoride Fluoride source Drinking water system Waterworks
Issue Date:	7-Sep-2022
Description:	Drinking water quality monitoring is compulsory to ensure it does not harm public health. Water fluoridation is aimed to provide a sufficient amount of fluoride in the drinking water for the consumer’s dental health benefit. One of the significant challenges faced by water operators in Malaysia is the stringent range of fluoride concentration between 0.4 to 0.6 mg/L set by the Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH) in the Drinking Water Quality Standard. Thus, an accurate dosage of fluoride at water treatment plant (WTP) is critically needed to ensure the distribution system gets fluoride concentration as per standard. Recommended fluoride concentration in drinking water by health authorities is considered beneficial as it can reduce dental caries. Meanwhile, a higher concentration may lead to dental and skeletal fluorosis. Several factors must be considered in selecting a fluoride chemical. In this research, the fluoridation process at WTP was investigated to get the accurate dosage of fluoride at the WTP so that the distribution system manages to get fluoride concentration as per standard. Firstly, fluoride from different manufacturing sources of sodium silicofluoride (SSF) was compared. SSF is used as the primary fluoride agent in WTP Melaka. The SSF was then analyzed and evaluated to identify its effectiveness in drinking water. Physical sampling was performed to monitor the fluoride reading from the dedicated WTP located in Melaka state to its specific distribution system of 24.9 km pipeline distance. Seven sampling locations were identified to collect 56 data within eight days. Sampling results showed fluoride concentrations were categorized into three different ranges in the dosing tank; i. low (4,612.5 mg/L), ii. medium (7,075.5 mg/L), iii. high (11,792.5 mg/L). As a result, the mean concentration of fluoride at the sampling points along the distribution system was obtained at 0.36 ± 0.24 mg/L (for low range concentration), 0.60 ± 0.08 mg/L (for medium range concentration) and 0.81 ± 0.06 mg/L (for high range concentration). This result revealed that the SSF used for the dosing owned lower fluoride strength as the values were slightly lower than expected. Thus, the medium concentration range dosage of SSF is recommended for fluoridation at WTP to obtain the desired concentration at the distribution system. From the EPANET hydraulic study, at the 24th hour, fluoride concentration seemed to maintain over every distribution point around 0.55 to 0.60 mg/L for every node. Although they were little fluctuations in the reading, the values were still within the specified limit. This result suggested that the medium concentration range dosage of SSF at the WTP has resulted in a stable fluoride reading at the distribution system.,Master of Science
Pages:	145
Publisher:	UKM, Bangi
Appears in Collections:	Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment / Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina

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